# BBG Chapter 22 — First vs. Second Aorist Contrast Drill

BBG Chapter 22 · Second Aorist Active and Middle Indicative

Instructions: For each item, (1) identify the type as 1st or 2nd aorist, (2) parse person and number, (3) give the lexical form (1st sg present active indicative), and (4) provide an English translation. Click ▶ Answer to reveal the answer for that row.

# | Form | Type (1st/2nd) | Person | Number | Lexical Form | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | ἔλυσα |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 1st · Sg · λύω · I loosed / I released |
2 | εἶπον |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 1st · Sg · λέγω · I said |
3 | ἦλθεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · ἔρχομαι · He came |
4 | εἶδον |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 1st · Sg · ὁράω · I saw |
5 | ἐπίστευσας |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 2nd · Sg · πιστεύω · You believed |
6 | ἔλαβεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · λαμβάνω · He took |
7 | ἐδίδαξεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 3rd · Sg · διδάσκω · He taught |
8 | ἔβαλεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · βάλλω · He threw / cast |
9 | ἠκούσαμεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 1st · Pl · ἀκούω · We heard |
10 | ἔγνω |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · γινώσκω · He knew |
11 | ἐκηρύξατε |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 2nd · Pl · κηρύσσω · You (pl.) preached |
12 | ἔφαγεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · ἐσθίω · He ate |
13 | ἔσωσεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 3rd · Sg · σῴζω · He saved |
14 | ἀπέθανεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · ἀποθνῄσκω · He died |
15 | ἐδόξασαν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 3rd · Pl · δοξάζω · They glorified |
16 | ἐγένετο |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · γίνομαι · It came to pass / He became |
17 | ἐπίστευσαν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 3rd · Pl · πιστεύω · They believed |
18 | εὗρον |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Pl · εὑρίσκω · They found |
19 | ἀπήγγειλαν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1st · 3rd · Pl · ἀπαγγέλλω · They reported / announced |
20 | ἤγαγεν |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2nd · 3rd · Sg · ἄγω · He led / brought |

## Discussion Questions

1. What are the four principal differences in form between a 1st aorist and a 2nd aorist active indicative? List the stem, connecting vowel, and endings for each.
2. Items 3, 6, 8, 14, 16, 18, 20 are 2nd aorists of irregular verbs. For each, identify whether the difficulty lies in the stem change, the augment, or both.
3. Items 10 and 19 — ἔγνω (3rd sg) and ἀπήγγειλαν (3rd pl). Both are aorists but look quite different from a standard paradigm. What clues tell you each is an aorist rather than a present or imperfect?