# Ch18 Present Middle/Passive Indicative Parsing Drill

**Instructions:** For each verb form, (1) parse it (person, number, lexical form), (2) identify the likely voice (Middle / Passive / Deponent-Active meaning), and (3) translate. All forms are present middle/passive indicative.

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| # | Form | Context clue | Person | Number | Lexical form | Voice | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λύομαι | (no context) | | | | | |
| 2 | λύῃ | (no context) | | | | | |
| 3 | λύεται | ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου | | | | | |
| 4 | λυόμεθα | (no context) | | | | | |
| 5 | λύεσθε | (no context) | | | | | |
| 6 | λύονται | ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ | | | | | |
| 7 | ἔρχεται | πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν | | | | | |
| 8 | ἔρχομαι | (speaker going) | | | | | |
| 9 | γίνεται | σάρξ | | | | | |
| 10 | πορεύεσθε | (command context) | | | | | |
| 11 | ἀποκρίνεται | ὁ Ἰησοῦς | | | | | |
| 12 | προσεύχεσθε | (2nd pl) | | | | | |
| 13 | δέχονται | τοὺς ἀγγέλους | | | | | |
| 14 | βαπτίζεται | ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου | | | | | |
| 15 | βούλομαι | (speaker's will) | | | | | |
| 16 | ἐρχόμεθα | (we are going) | | | | | |
| 17 | πορεύῃ | (you go) | | | | | |
| 18 | γίνεσθε | (become!) | | | | | |
| 19 | λύεται | (no agent expressed) | | | | | |
| 20 | ἀσπάζονται | (they greet) | | | | | |

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## Answer Key

| # | Form | Person | Number | Lexical form | Voice | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λύομαι | 1st | Singular | λύω | Middle | I am loosing for myself / I am being loosed | Ambiguous — paradigm form |
| 2 | λύῃ | 2nd | Singular | λύω | Middle/Passive | You are loosing for yourself / you are being loosed | -σαι contracted → -ῃ |
| 3 | λύεται | 3rd | Singular | λύω | Passive | He/she/it is being loosed | ὑπό + gen. agent confirms passive |
| 4 | λυόμεθα | 1st | Plural | λύω | Middle/Passive | We are loosing for ourselves / we are being loosed | |
| 5 | λύεσθε | 2nd | Plural | λύω | Middle/Passive | You (pl.) are loosing for yourselves / are being loosed | |
| 6 | λύονται | 3rd | Plural | λύω | Passive | They are being loosed | ὑπό + gen. agent confirms passive |
| 7 | ἔρχεται | 3rd | Singular | ἔρχομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | He/she comes / is coming | Deponent; lexical form -ομαι |
| 8 | ἔρχομαι | 1st | Singular | ἔρχομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | I am coming / I come | Deponent |
| 9 | γίνεται | 3rd | Singular | γίνομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | He/she/it becomes | σὰρξ ἐγένετο = "became flesh" (aorist); present = γίνεται |
| 10 | πορεύεσθε | 2nd | Plural | πορεύομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | Go! / You go | Deponent; imperative nuance from context |
| 11 | ἀποκρίνεται | 3rd | Singular | ἀποκρίνομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | He/she answers | Always deponent in NT |
| 12 | προσεύχεσθε | 2nd | Plural | προσεύχομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | You (pl.) pray | Deponent |
| 13 | δέχονται | 3rd | Plural | δέχομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | They receive | Deponent; active meaning |
| 14 | βαπτίζεται | 3rd | Singular | βαπτίζω | Passive | He/she is being baptized | ὑπό + gen. confirms passive |
| 15 | βούλομαι | 1st | Singular | βούλομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | I want / I wish | Deponent |
| 16 | ἐρχόμεθα | 1st | Plural | ἔρχομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | We are coming / we go | Deponent |
| 17 | πορεύῃ | 2nd | Singular | πορεύομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | You are going | Deponent; -σαι → -ῃ |
| 18 | γίνεσθε | 2nd | Plural | γίνομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | Become! / you become | Deponent; imperative nuance |
| 19 | λύεται | 3rd | Singular | λύω | Middle or Passive | He/she looses for himself / is being loosed | Ambiguous without context |
| 20 | ἀσπάζονται | 3rd | Plural | ἀσπάζομαι | Deponent (active meaning) | They greet | Deponent |

> **Key rule for deponents:** If the lexical form ends in -ομαι, the verb is deponent. Parse the voice as "middle/passive" (or "middle") but translate with an active English equivalent. Never translate a deponent as passive.
