# Ch16 Passage Exercise — Qal Imperfect Weak Verbs

BBH Chapter 16 · Genesis 1, 3–4 · Exodus 9, 20 · Isaiah 55 · 1 Kings 21

Instructions: Parse each highlighted form. Give: (a) Person, (b) Number, (c) Gender, (d) Root (3ms lexical form), (e) Weak Class, (f) Form Type (Imperfect / Wayyiqtol / Jussive), (g) Usage Type.
Note: Wayyiqtol is the waw-consecutive imperfect used for sequential narration. Focus on the weak-class prefix pattern and form type.

## Passage A — III-ה and I-Guttural (Genesis 1:3–11 and Genesis 3:1)

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י אֹ֑ור

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָאָ֛רֶץ דֶּ֖שֶׁא

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִהְי֣וּ מְאֹרֹ֔ת

לֹ֥א תֹּאכְל֖וּ מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ

# | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | יְהִ֣י |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | יְהִ֣י | 3 | s | m | הָיָה | III-ה | Jussive | Volitional — short jussive: final ה dropped; "Let there be light" — divine fiat
2 | יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה | 3 | s | m | עָשָׂה | III-ה + I-gutt. | Jussive | Volitional — III-ה long jussive (seghol-he); I-gutt. ע causes chateph prefix; "Let the earth produce"
3 | יִהְי֣וּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | יִהְי֣וּ | 3 | p | m | הָיָה | III-ה | Imperfect | Jussive/Volitional — 3mp of הָיָה; וּ- suffix replaces ה; "Let there be lights"
4 | תֹּאכְל֖וּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | תֹּאכְל֖וּ | 2 | p | m | אָכַל | I-gutt. (א) | Imperfect | Prohibition (לֹא) — I-gutt. א takes holem (not hireq); "you shall not eat"

## Passage B — III-Guttural and I-Guttural (Genesis 3–4, Exodus 9, 20)

יֹאמַ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים לָאֹ֑ור

וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה

לֹ֥א תַּחְמֹד֙ בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֔ךָ

וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה

# | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
5 | יֹאמַ֥ר |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | יֹאמַ֥ר | 3 | s | m | אָמַר | I-gutt. (א) | Imperfect | Simple Future — holem prefix; one of the most frequent forms in the OT; must be memorized
6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע | 3 | s | m | שָׁמַע | III-gutt. (ע) | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — short form (no patach furtive in wayyiqtol); "and the LORD heard"
7 | תַּחְמֹד֙ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | תַּחְמֹד֙ | 2 | s | m | חָמַד | I-gutt. (ח) | Imperfect | Prohibition (לֹא) — chateph under ח causes patach prefix (not hireq); "you shall not covet" — Decalogue
8 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד | 3 | s | m | עָמַד | I-gutt. (ע) | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — chateph-patach under ע; patach prefix יַעֲ–; "and Moses stood before Pharaoh"

## Passage C — I-נ and I-י (Genesis 3–4)

וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאָדָ֖ם

וַיֵּ֤דַע קַ֙יִן֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֹּ֔ו

יִתֵּ֥ן לְכֶ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה

וַיֵּ֥צֵא קַ֛יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה

# | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
9 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | I-נ | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — nun assimilated → dagesh forte in ת; tsere in root syllable
10 | וַיֵּ֤דַע |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיֵּ֤דַע | 3 | s | m | יָדַע | I-י | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — tsere prefix (יֵ–); yod at R1 contracts with prefix vowel
11 | יִתֵּ֥ן |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | יִתֵּ֥ן | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | I-נ | Imperfect | Simple Future — same assimilation pattern; dagesh forte in ת; tsere lengthens
12 | וַיֵּ֥צֵא |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיֵּ֥צֵא | 3 | s | m | יָצָא | I-י + III-א | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — tsere prefix; also III-א (aleph quiesces at R3) — compound weak class

## Passage D — Biconsonantal and Geminate (Genesis 19, 22 · Isaiah 55 · 1 Kings 21)

וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים סְדֹ֖מָה

וַיָּ֣קׇם אַבְרָהָ֗ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙

לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב אֵלַ֑י דְּבָרִ֖י

וַיָּ֤סׇּב הַמֶּ֙לֶך֙

# | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
13 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | 3 | p | m | בּוֹא | Biconsonantal | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — וַיָּ– prefix with qamets; 3mp -וּ suffix; "and the two angels came"
14 | וַיָּ֣קׇם |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיָּ֣קׇם | 3 | s | m | קוּם | Biconsonantal | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — qamets under prefix; short form (qamets hatuf in root); "and Abraham arose"
15 | יָשׁ֖וּב |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | יָשׁ֖וּב | 3 | s | m | שׁוּב | Biconsonantal | Imperfect | Simple Future — qamets under prefix + shureq (ו) as middle vowel; "my word shall not return"
16 | וַיָּ֤סׇּב |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
✓ | וַיָּ֤סׇּב | 3 | s | m | סָבַב | Geminate | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — qamets under prefix + dagesh forte in doubled root consonant ב; holem; "and the king turned"