# Chapter 27 — Semantic Function Sorting (Weak Roots)

BBH Chapter 27 · Hiphil Weak Verbs
Instructions: Classify each Hiphil verb as C (Causative), F (Factitive), D (Declarative), SA (Simple Action), or DN (Denominative). Write your answer in the Function column. All roots are weak roots from Ch27 classes. Click ▶ Answer to reveal each row.
C = Causative | F = Factitive | D = Declarative | SA = Simple Action | DN = Denominative

# | Hebrew Form | Conjugation | Ref | Contextual Gloss | Function |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | הוֹצִיא | Perfect 3ms | Gen 15:7 | "I am the LORD who brought you out of Ur" |  |
1 | הוֹצִיא | Perfect 3ms | Gen 15:7 | "I am the LORD who brought you out of Ur" | C — יָצָא: Qal = go out; Hiphil = cause to go out / bring out |
2 | הוֹשִׁיב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 47:11 | "Joseph settled his father and brothers in Egypt" |  |
2 | הוֹשִׁיב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 47:11 | "Joseph settled his father and brothers in Egypt" | C — יָשַׁב: Qal = sit/dwell; Hiphil = cause to dwell / settle |
3 | הוֹדִיעַ | Perfect 3ms | Deu 4:9 | "make them known to your children and grandchildren" |  |
3 | הוֹדִיעַ | Perfect 3ms | Deu 4:9 | "make them known to your children and grandchildren" | C — יָדַע: Qal = know; Hiphil = cause to know / make known |
4 | הֵבִיא | Perfect 3ms | Gen 43:17 | "the man brought Joseph's brothers into Joseph's house" |  |
4 | הֵבִיא | Perfect 3ms | Gen 43:17 | "the man brought Joseph's brothers into Joseph's house" | C — בּוֹא: Qal = come; Hiphil = cause to come / bring |
5 | הֵשִׁיב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 42:25 | "Joseph commanded that each man's money be returned" |  |
5 | הֵשִׁיב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 42:25 | "Joseph commanded that each man's money be returned" | C — שׁוּב: Qal = return; Hiphil = cause to return / give back |
6 | הֵקִים | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 6:18 | "I will establish my covenant with you" |  |
6 | הֵקִים | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 6:18 | "I will establish my covenant with you" | C — קוּם: Qal = rise/stand; Hiphil = cause to stand / establish |
7 | יָמִית | Imperfect 3ms | Deu 17:12 | "that man shall be put to death" |  |
7 | יָמִית | Imperfect 3ms | Deu 17:12 | "that man shall be put to death" | C — מוּת: Qal = die; Hiphil = cause to die / put to death |
8 | הִפִּיל | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 2:21 | "the LORD caused a deep sleep to fall on the man" |  |
8 | הִפִּיל | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 2:21 | "the LORD caused a deep sleep to fall on the man" | C — נָפַל: Qal = fall; Hiphil = cause to fall / cast down |
9 | הִגִּישׁ | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 43:31 | "Joseph set the meal before them" |  |
9 | הִגִּישׁ | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 43:31 | "Joseph set the meal before them" | C — נָגַשׁ: Qal = draw near; Hiphil = cause to draw near / set before |
10 | הֶעֱלָה | Perfect 3ms | Gen 46:4 | "I will also bring you up again" |  |
10 | הֶעֱלָה | Perfect 3ms | Gen 46:4 | "I will also bring you up again" | C — עָלָה: Qal = go up; Hiphil = cause to go up / bring up |
11 | הֶרְאָה | Perfect 3ms | Deu 34:1 | "the LORD showed him all the land" |  |
11 | הֶרְאָה | Perfect 3ms | Deu 34:1 | "the LORD showed him all the land" | C — רָאָה: Qal = see; Hiphil = cause to see / show |
12 | הִטָּה | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Exo 10:13 | "Moses stretched out his staff over Egypt" |  |
12 | הִטָּה | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Exo 10:13 | "Moses stretched out his staff over Egypt" | C — נָטָה: Qal = extend/stretch; Hiphil = cause to extend / stretch out |
13 | הִגְלָה | Perfect 3ms | 2 Kgs 17:6 | "the king of Assyria exiled Israel to Assyria" |  |
13 | הִגְלָה | Perfect 3ms | 2 Kgs 17:6 | "the king of Assyria exiled Israel to Assyria" | C — גָּלָה: Qal = go into exile; Hiphil = cause to go into exile / exile |
14 | הֵרַע | Perfect 3ms | Gen 19:9 | "now we will deal worse with you than with them" |  |
14 | הֵרַע | Perfect 3ms | Gen 19:9 | "now we will deal worse with you than with them" | F — רָעַע: Qal = be bad; Hiphil = make worse / treat badly (cause to be in bad state) |
15 | הֶחֱיָה | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 47:25 | "you have saved our lives!" |  |
15 | הֶחֱיָה | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 47:25 | "you have saved our lives!" | C — חָיָה: Qal = live; Hiphil = cause to live / save alive |
16 | הִשְׁחִית | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 6:12 | "for all flesh had corrupted its way on earth" |  |
16 | הִשְׁחִית | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 6:12 | "for all flesh had corrupted its way on earth" | SA — שָׁחַת: Hiphil = destroy/corrupt; Niphal = be destroyed; Hiphil is primary usage |
17 | הֵרִים | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 22:10 | "Abraham reached out his hand and lifted the knife" |  |
17 | הֵרִים | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 22:10 | "Abraham reached out his hand and lifted the knife" | C — רוּם: Qal = be high/rise; Hiphil = cause to rise / lift up |
18 | הֵשִׁיב | Perfect 3ms | Num 23:20 | "I have received a command to bless" |  |
18 | הֵשִׁיב | Perfect 3ms | Num 23:20 | "I have received a command to bless" | C — שׁוּב: Qal = return; Hiphil = cause to return / receive back (blessing) |
19 | הֵמִיר | Perfect 3ms | Lev 27:10 | "he shall not exchange it or substitute it" |  |
19 | הֵמִיר | Perfect 3ms | Lev 27:10 | "he shall not exchange it or substitute it" | SA — מוּר: To exchange/substitute; Hiphil is primary form for this meaning |
20 | יַשְׁמִיעַ | Imperfect 3ms | Deu 4:36 | "from heaven he made you hear his voice" |  |
20 | יַשְׁמִיעַ | Imperfect 3ms | Deu 4:36 | "from heaven he made you hear his voice" | C — שָׁמַע: Qal = hear; Hiphil = cause to hear / proclaim |
21 | הֵבִין | Perfect 3ms | Neh 8:8 | "they gave the sense so that the people understood" |  |
21 | הֵבִין | Perfect 3ms | Neh 8:8 | "they gave the sense so that the people understood" | C — בִּין: Qal = understand; Hiphil = cause to understand / give understanding |
22 | הִרְבָּה | Perfect 3ms | Gen 22:17 | "I will greatly multiply your offspring" |  |
22 | הִרְבָּה | Perfect 3ms | Gen 22:17 | "I will greatly multiply your offspring" | C — רָבָה: Qal = be many; Hiphil = cause to be many / multiply |
23 | הִגְדִּיל | Perfect 3ms | Joel 2:21 | "for the LORD has done great things" |  |
23 | הִגְדִּיל | Perfect 3ms | Joel 2:21 | "for the LORD has done great things" | F — גָּדַל: Qal = be great; Hiphil = cause greatness / do great things |
24 | הִכְשִׁיל | Perfect 3ms | Lam 1:14 | "he made my strength fail / he caused me to stumble" |  |
24 | הִכְשִׁיל | Perfect 3ms | Lam 1:14 | "he made my strength fail / he caused me to stumble" | C — כָּשַׁל: Qal = stumble; Hiphil = cause to stumble / make strength fail |

Discussion Questions:

1. Items 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 13 are all Causative. What do the underlying Qal roots have in common — motion, state, or position — that makes the Causative reading natural?
2. Item 6 (קוּם, "to rise / stand") is Causative: God caused the covenant to stand. How is this different from Factitive? (Hint: what is the "object" being caused, and is it a state or an action?)
3. Items 21 (הֵבִין, "to understand") and 22 (הִרְבָּה, "to multiply") are both Causative. Identify the Qal meaning for each root and explain how the Hiphil extends it.