# Chapter 32 — Pual Function Sort

*BBH Chapter 32 · Pual Strong Verbs*

---

## Instructions

The Pual is **always** the passive of the Piel. For each of the 20 Pual forms below:

1. Give the **Piel active meaning** (what the Piel form means — the doer's action).
2. Translate the **Pual passive form** (what happens to the subject).

The Pual diagnostic: **Qibbuts (ֻ) or holem (ֹ) under R1 + Dagesh Forte in R2**.

The answer key is at the bottom.

---

## Exercise Table

| # | Form | Root | Conjugation | Piel Active Meaning | Pual Passive Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | קֻטַּל | קטל | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 2 | כֻּבַּד | כבד | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 3 | בֹּרַךְ | ברך | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 4 | שֻׁלַּח | שׁלח | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 5 | דֻּבַּר | דבר | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 6 | שֻׁמַּר | שׁמר | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 7 | גֹּרַשׁ | גרשׁ | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 8 | סֻפַּר | ספר | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 9 | כֻּסָּה | כסה | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 10 | יְקֻטַּל | קטל | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 11 | יְבֹרַךְ | ברך | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 12 | יְשֻׁלַּח | שׁלח | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 13 | יְכֻבַּד | כבד | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 14 | יְסֻפַּר | ספר | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 15 | יְגֹרַשׁ | גרשׁ | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 16 | מְקֻטָּל | קטל | Participle ms | | |
| 17 | מְבֹרָךְ | ברך | Participle ms | | |
| 18 | מְשֻׁלָּח | שׁלח | Participle ms | | |
| 19 | כֻּבְּדוּ | כבד | Perfect 3cp | | |
| 20 | שֻׁלְּחוּ | שׁלח | Perfect 3cp | | |

---

## Answer Key

| # | Form | Root | Conjugation | Piel Active Meaning | Pual Passive Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | קֻטַּל | קטל | Perfect 3ms | to kill (intensively) | he was killed |
| 2 | כֻּבַּד | כבד | Perfect 3ms | to honor | he was honored |
| 3 | בֹּרַךְ | ברך | Perfect 3ms | to bless | he was blessed |
| 4 | שֻׁלַּח | שׁלח | Perfect 3ms | to send away / release | he was sent away |
| 5 | דֻּבַּר | דבר | Perfect 3ms | to speak | it was spoken |
| 6 | שֻׁמַּר | שׁמר | Perfect 3ms | to guard / watch | he was guarded |
| 7 | גֹּרַשׁ | גרשׁ | Perfect 3ms | to drive out / expel | he was driven out |
| 8 | סֻפַּר | ספר | Perfect 3ms | to recount / tell | it was told / recounted |
| 9 | כֻּסָּה | כסה | Perfect 3ms | to cover | it was covered |
| 10 | יְקֻטַּל | קטל | Imperfect 3ms | to kill | he will be killed |
| 11 | יְבֹרַךְ | ברך | Imperfect 3ms | to bless | he will be blessed |
| 12 | יְשֻׁלַּח | שׁלח | Imperfect 3ms | to send / release | he will be sent |
| 13 | יְכֻבַּד | כבד | Imperfect 3ms | to honor | he will be honored |
| 14 | יְסֻפַּר | ספר | Imperfect 3ms | to recount / tell | it will be told |
| 15 | יְגֹרַשׁ | גרשׁ | Imperfect 3ms | to drive out | he will be driven out |
| 16 | מְקֻטָּל | קטל | Participle ms | to kill | one being killed |
| 17 | מְבֹרָךְ | ברך | Participle ms | to bless | one being blessed |
| 18 | מְשֻׁלָּח | שׁלח | Participle ms | to send / release | one being sent |
| 19 | כֻּבְּדוּ | כבד | Perfect 3cp | to honor | they were honored |
| 20 | שֻׁלְּחוּ | שׁלח | Perfect 3cp | to send away | they were sent away |

---

### Notes on Vowel Patterns

- **Qibbuts under R1 (קֻ / שֻׁ / דֻ / סֻ):** The standard Pual marker for roots that take dagesh in R2.
- **Holem under R1 (בֹּ / גֹּ):** Roots where R2 is a guttural (ר or שׁ) reject dagesh forte; holem appears instead of qibbuts as compensatory lengthening.
- **Pual Participle:** Prefixed מְ + qibbuts/holem under R1 + qamets under R2 (e.g., מְקֻטָּל, מְבֹרָךְ, מְשֻׁלָּח).
- **Perfect 3cp:** The qibbuts shortens to shewa under the dagesh (e.g., כֻּבְּדוּ, שֻׁלְּחוּ).
