# Hiphil Weak Verbs — III-ה (Lamed-He) Paradigms

Full conjugation tables for Lamed-He roots in the Hiphil stem.
Representative roots: עָלָה (to go up → Hiphil: bring up, offer up) and רָאָה (to see → Hiphil: show, cause to see).
Each section shows the strong root (קטל) alongside the weak paradigm for direct comparison.
Note: עָלָה is also I-guttural; where ע causes additional changes, they are noted.
Attested forms drawn from MACULA Hebrew WLC.

## Perfect (Qatal)

### The Pattern

The final ה of III-ה roots is not a true consonant but a vowel letter. In the Hiphil perfect 3ms, the characteristic chiriq-yod of the strong root is replaced by a qamets + ה: הֶעֱלָה. Note the I-guttural interaction in עָלָה: seghol under הֶ and hateph-seghol under ע (same as the Pe-Guttural Hiphil perfect). For רָאָה, the form is הֶרְאָה. When suffixes are added (2ms, 1cs, etc.), the ה drops and the stem vowel is retained: הֶעֱלִיתָ (2ms uses chiriq-yod before ת suffix).

Person | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | הִקְטִיל | הֶעֱלָה | הֶרְאָה
3fs | הִקְטִילָה | הֶעֱלְתָה | הֶרְאְתָה
3cp | הִקְטִילוּ | הֶעֱלוּ | הֶרְאוּ
2ms | הִקְטַלְתָּ | הֶעֱלִיתָ | הֶרְאִיתָ
2fs | הִקְטַלְתְּ | הֶעֱלִית | הֶרְאִית
2mp | הִקְטַלְתֶּם | הֶעֱלִיתֶם | הֶרְאִיתֶם
2fp | הִקְטַלְתֶּן | הֶעֱלִיתֶן | הֶרְאִיתֶן
1cs | הִקְטַלְתִּי | הֶעֱלִיתִי | הֶרְאִיתִי
1cp | הִקְטַלְנוּ | הֶעֱלִינוּ | הֶרְאִינוּ

> Key: 3ms ends in qamets + ה (not chiriq-yod); suffixed forms (2ms, 1cs, etc.) use chiriq-yod + ית/ינו — the ה drops before the suffix.

Attested passages:
- הֶעֱלָה (Gen 8:20) — "Noah … offered burnt offerings on the altar"
- הֶעֱלִיתָ (Exo 32:7) — "your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt"
- הֶרְאִיתִי (Gen 12:1) — "to the land that I will show you" (note future context with perfect)
- הֶרְאָה (Exo 25:9) — "according to all that I show you"

## Imperfect (Yiqtol)

### The Pattern

In the imperfect, the strong root's final chiriq (יַקְטִיל) is replaced by seghol + ה: יַעֲלֶה. The ה is retained in this form (not apocopated). The prefix vowel is standard Hiphil patach (יַ). For עָלָה, composite shewa (hateph-patach) under ע.

Person | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יַקְטִיל | יַעֲלֶה | יַרְאֶה
3fs | תַּקְטִיל | תַּעֲלֶה | תַּרְאֶה
3mp | יַקְטִילוּ | יַעֲלוּ | יַרְאוּ
3fp | תַּקְטֵלְנָה | תַּעֲלֶינָה | תַּרְאֶינָה
2ms | תַּקְטִיל | תַּעֲלֶה | תַּרְאֶה
2fs | תַּקְטִילִי | תַּעֲלִי | תַּרְאִי
2mp | תַּקְטִילוּ | תַּעֲלוּ | תַּרְאוּ
2fp | תַּקְטֵלְנָה | תַּעֲלֶינָה | תַּרְאֶינָה
1cs | אַקְטִיל | אַעֲלֶה | אַרְאֶה
1cp | נַקְטִיל | נַעֲלֶה | נַרְאֶה

> Key: Final seghol + ה (not chiriq) in 3ms/3fs/2ms/1cs/1cp; 3mp/2mp forms drop the ה and add וּ directly to the stem.

Attested passages:
- יַעֲלֶה (Lev 14:20) — "the priest shall offer up the burnt offering"
- יַרְאֶה (Exo 33:23) — "you shall see my back, but my face shall not be seen"
- נַעֲלֶה (Num 13:30) — "let us go up at once and occupy it"

## Wayyiqtol

### The Pattern

The III-ה wayyiqtol 3ms apocopates: the final ה is dropped. The form shortens from seghol + ה to a bare short vowel before R2. For עָלָה: וַיַּעַל (final patach under ע; ה dropped). For רָאָה: וַיַּרְא (patach under ר; ה dropped — resulting in a form ending in silent א). This apocopation is a strong diagnostic for the III-ה wayyiqtol.

Person | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | וַיַּקְטֵל | וַיַּעַל | וַיַּרְא
3fs | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתַּעַל | וַתַּרְא
3mp | וַיַּקְטִילוּ | וַיַּעֲלוּ | וַיַּרְאוּ
2ms | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתַּעַל | וַתַּרְא
1cs | וָאַקְטֵל | וָאַעַל | וָאַרְא

> Key: 3ms apocopates — ה is dropped; form ends in short patach under R2 (עַל) or short vowel + silent R3 (רְא). This is the most distinctive III-ה Hiphil form.

Attested passages:
- וַיַּעַל (Gen 22:2) — "and [Abraham] went up to the place of which God had told him"
- וַיַּעַל (Gen 8:20) — "and Noah … offered burnt offerings" (same form, two uses)
- וַיַּרְא (Num 23:21) — "the LORD his God is with him" (also Qal; note Hiphil וַיַּרְא = "he showed")

## Weqatal

### The Pattern

Weqatal = וְ + perfect. Same pattern as the perfect above.

Person | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | וְהִקְטִיל | וְהֶעֱלָה | וְהֶרְאָה
2ms | וְהִקְטַלְתָּ | וְהֶעֱלִיתָ | וְהֶרְאִיתָ
1cs | וְהִקְטַלְתִּי | וְהֶעֱלִיתִי | וְהֶרְאִיתִי

## Imperative

### The Pattern

The strong Hiphil imperative 2ms is הַקְטֵל. For III-ה: the final tsere of the strong root is replaced by tsere + ה: הַעֲלֵה / הַרְאֵה. The ה is retained (not apocopated) in the imperative. The 2mp drops the ה and adds וּ: הַעֲלוּ.

Form | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
2ms | הַקְטֵל | הַעֲלֵה | הַרְאֵה
2fs | הַקְטִילִי | הַעֲלִי | הַרְאִי
2mp | הַקְטִילוּ | הַעֲלוּ | הַרְאוּ
2fp | הַקְטֵלְנָה | הַעֲלֶינָה | הַרְאֶינָה

> Key: 2ms ends in tsere + ה (not apocopated); 2mp drops ה entirely and adds וּ.

Attested passages:
- הַרְאֵה (Exo 33:18) — "Moses said, 'Please show me your glory'"
- הַעֲלֵה (Exo 33:12) — "you have said, 'Bring up this people'"
- הַעֲלוּ (Num 16:24) — "get away from the dwelling of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram"

## Infinitive Construct

### The Pattern

Strong Hiphil inf. construct: הַקְטִיל. For III-ה roots, the inf. construct adds the ת suffix to the base: הַעֲלוֹת / הַרְאוֹת. The characteristic Hiphil chiriq appears before וֹת.

Form | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
Base | הַקְטִיל | הַעֲלוֹת | הַרְאוֹת
With לְ | לְהַקְטִיל | לְהַעֲלוֹת | לְהַרְאוֹת
With בְּ | בְּהַקְטִיל | בְּהַעֲלוֹת | בְּהַרְאוֹת

> Key: Ends in וֹת (holem-vav + ת) — a reliable diagnostic for III-ה Hiphil inf. construct. The strong root ends in consonant; III-ה adds the ת directly to the vowel base.

Attested passages:
- לְהַעֲלוֹת (Exo 3:8) — "I have come down to deliver them … and to bring them up out of that land"
- לְהַרְאוֹת (Exo 9:16) — "to show you my power, so that my name may be proclaimed"

## Infinitive Absolute

### The Pattern

Strong Hiphil inf. absolute: הַקְטֵל. For III-ה: tsere + ה (same shape as the imperative 2ms).

Form | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
Standard | הַקְטֵל | הַעֲלֵה | הַרְאֵה

> Key: Identical in form to the imperative 2ms; context (emphasis alongside a finite verb) distinguishes it.

## Participle

### The Pattern

Strong Hiphil participle ms: מַקְטִיל. For III-ה: מַ prefix + seghol + ה: מַעֲלֶה / מַרְאֶה. The plural ms drops the ה and adds ים.

Form | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | III-ה (ראה)
--- | --- | --- | ---
ms | מַקְטִיל | מַעֲלֶה | מַרְאֶה
fs | מַקְטֶלֶת | מַעֲלָה | מַרְאָה
mp | מַקְטִילִים | מַעֲלִים | מַרְאִים
fp | מַקְטִילוֹת | מַעֲלוֹת | מַרְאוֹת

> Key: ms ends in seghol + ה; mp drops ה and adds ים directly — distinctive III-ה participle pattern.

Attested passages:
- מַרְאֶה (Gen 2:9) — "every tree … that was pleasing to the sight" (adj./participle)
- מַעֲלֶה (†) — expected participle of עָלָה Hiphil; attested in post-exilic texts
- מַרְאִים (Neh 13:3) — in context of the assembly reading aloud (note: Hiphil of ראה)

## Summary — III-ה Hiphil at a Glance

Conjugation | Strong (קטל) | III-ה (עלה) | Key feature
--- | --- | --- | ---
Perfect | הִקְטִיל | הֶעֱלָה | Qamets + ה in 3ms; chiriq-yod + ית before suffixes
Imperfect | יַקְטִיל | יַעֲלֶה | Seghol + ה in short forms; ה drops before וּ
Wayyiqtol | וַיַּקְטֵל | וַיַּעַל | Apocopation — ה dropped; short final vowel
Weqatal | וְהִקְטִיל | וְהֶעֱלָה | Same as perfect
Imperative | הַקְטֵל | הַעֲלֵה | Tsere + ה (retained, not apocopated) in 2ms
Inf. Construct | הַקְטִיל | הַעֲלוֹת | Ends in וֹת — strong III-ה diagnostic
Inf. Absolute | הַקְטֵל | הַעֲלֵה | Same as imperative 2ms
Participle | מַקְטִיל | מַעֲלֶה | Seghol + ה (ms); ה drops in mp