# Chapter 33 — Pual Function Sort (Weak Roots)

*BBH Chapter 33 · Pual Weak Verbs*

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## Instructions

The Pual is **always** the passive of the Piel. For each of the 18 weak-root Pual forms below:

1. Give the **Piel active meaning** (what the Piel form means — the doer's action).
2. Translate the **Pual passive form** (what happens to the subject).

Watch for the weak-root changes: III-ה endings (ָּה in perfect 3ms, ֶּה in imperfect/participle), and guttural compensatory lengthening.

The answer key is at the bottom.

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## Exercise Table

| # | Form | Root | Weak Type | Conjugation | Piel Active Meaning | Pual Passive Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | גֻּלָּה | גלה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 2 | כֻּלָּה | כלה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 3 | בֹּרַךְ | ברך | R2 = ר | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 4 | עֻנָּה | ענה | III-ה, I-gutt | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 5 | חֻיָּה | חיה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 6 | יְגֻלֶּה | גלה | III-ה | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 7 | יְכֻלֶּה | כלה | III-ה | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 8 | יְבֹרַךְ | ברך | R2 = ר | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 9 | יְעֻנֶּה | ענה | III-ה, I-gutt | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 10 | יְחֻיֶּה | חיה | III-ה | Imperfect 3ms | | |
| 11 | מְגֻלֶּה | גלה | III-ה | Participle ms | | |
| 12 | מְכֻלֶּה | כלה | III-ה | Participle ms | | |
| 13 | מְבֹרָךְ | ברך | R2 = ר | Participle ms | | |
| 14 | גֻּלְתָּה | גלה | III-ה | Perfect 3fs | | |
| 15 | בֹּרֲכוּ | ברך | R2 = ר | Perfect 3cp | | |
| 16 | כֻּלּוּ | כלה | III-ה | Perfect 3cp | | |
| 17 | צֻוָּה | צוה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | | |
| 18 | שֻׁנָּה | שׁנה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | | |

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## Answer Key

| # | Form | Root | Weak Type | Conjugation | Piel Active Meaning | Pual Passive Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | גֻּלָּה | גלה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | to reveal / uncover | it was revealed |
| 2 | כֻּלָּה | כלה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | to complete / destroy | it was finished / consumed |
| 3 | בֹּרַךְ | ברך | R2 = ר | Perfect 3ms | to bless | he was blessed |
| 4 | עֻנָּה | ענה | III-ה, I-gutt | Perfect 3ms | to afflict / humble | he was afflicted |
| 5 | חֻיָּה | חיה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | to keep alive | he was kept alive |
| 6 | יְגֻלֶּה | גלה | III-ה | Imperfect 3ms | to reveal | it will be revealed |
| 7 | יְכֻלֶּה | כלה | III-ה | Imperfect 3ms | to complete / destroy | it will be finished |
| 8 | יְבֹרַךְ | ברך | R2 = ר | Imperfect 3ms | to bless | he will be blessed |
| 9 | יְעֻנֶּה | ענה | III-ה, I-gutt | Imperfect 3ms | to afflict | he will be afflicted |
| 10 | יְחֻיֶּה | חיה | III-ה | Imperfect 3ms | to keep alive | he will be kept alive |
| 11 | מְגֻלֶּה | גלה | III-ה | Participle ms | to reveal | one being revealed |
| 12 | מְכֻלֶּה | כלה | III-ה | Participle ms | to complete / destroy | one being consumed |
| 13 | מְבֹרָךְ | ברך | R2 = ר | Participle ms | to bless | one being blessed |
| 14 | גֻּלְתָּה | גלה | III-ה | Perfect 3fs | to reveal | it was revealed (3fs) |
| 15 | בֹּרֲכוּ | ברך | R2 = ר | Perfect 3cp | to bless | they were blessed |
| 16 | כֻּלּוּ | כלה | III-ה | Perfect 3cp | to complete / destroy | they were consumed / finished |
| 17 | צֻוָּה | צוה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | to command | he was commanded |
| 18 | שֻׁנָּה | שׁנה | III-ה | Perfect 3ms | to change | it was changed |

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### Notes on Weak-Root Pual Patterns

**III-ה Perfect 3ms** (גֻּלָּה, כֻּלָּה, עֻנָּה, חֻיָּה, צֻוָּה, שֻׁנָּה):
- Pattern: qibbuts under R1 + dagesh forte in R2 + final ָּה (qamets-heh)
- The ה is a vowel letter (mater lectionis), not a consonant

**III-ה Imperfect 3ms** (יְגֻלֶּה, יְכֻלֶּה, יְעֻנֶּה, יְחֻיֶּה):
- Pattern: יְ prefix + qibbuts under R1 + dagesh forte in R2 + final ֶּה (tsere-heh)

**III-ה Participle ms** (מְגֻלֶּה, מְכֻלֶּה):
- Pattern: מְ prefix + qibbuts under R1 + dagesh forte in R2 + final ֶּה

**ברך forms** (R2 = ר rejects dagesh):
- Perfect 3ms בֹּרַךְ: holem under ב (qibbuts + compensatory lengthening); patach under ר
- Imperfect 3ms יְבֹרַךְ: יְ + holem under ב; no dagesh in ר
- Participle ms מְבֹרָךְ: מְ + holem under ב + qamets under ר (participle theme vowel)
- Perfect 3cp בֹּרֲכוּ: holem under ב + hateph-patach under ר (guttural receives reduced vowel before suffix)

**III-ה Perfect 3fs** (גֻּלְתָּה):
- Pattern: qibbuts under R1 + shewa under R2 + תָּה suffix (3fs ending replaces the ה)

**III-ה Perfect 3cp** (כֻּלּוּ):
- Pattern: qibbuts under R1 + dagesh forte in R2 + וּ suffix (replaces the ָּה of 3ms)
