# Ch21 Parsing Drill — Qal Infinitive Absolute

*For each form: (a) Identify as IA, IC, Imperative, Imperfect, or Perfect — and briefly explain how you know; (b) Root; (c) Root class; (d) Function (if IA: Emphatic / Imperatival / Manner / Progressive / Serial).*

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## Part A — Emphatic Pairs (IA + Finite Verb)

*Both members of each pair are given. Identify the IA and the finite verb, name the root, and state the function.*

| # | Form Pair | Which is IA? | Root | Root Class | Function | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מ֥וֹת — תָּמוּת | | | | | |
| 2 | אָכֹ֥ל — תֹּאכֵֽל | | | | | |
| 3 | שָׁמ֣וֹעַ — תִּשְׁמָע | | | | | |
| 4 | שָׁמ֣וֹר — תִּשְׁמְרוּן | | | | | |
| 5 | רָאֹ֣ה — רָאִ֛יתִי | | | | | |
| 6 | טָרֹ֥ף — טֹרַ֖ף | | | | | |
| 7 | נָת֤וֹן — יִנָּתֵן | | | | | |
| 8 | אָבֹ֖ד — תֹּאבֵדוּן | | | | | |

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## Part B — Standalone IA Forms (Imperatival / Manner / Progressive)

*No paired finite verb given. Identify each as IA, give the root and class, and state the function.*

| # | Form | IA or other? | Root | Root Class | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | זָכ֕וֹר | | | | |
| 10 | שָׁמ֗וֹר | | | | |
| 11 | הָל֣וֹךְ | | | | |
| 12 | יָצוֹא֙ | | | | |
| 13 | הָי֧וֹ | | | | |
| 14 | גָּאֹ֖ל | | | | |

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## Part C — Discrimination: IA, IC, Imperative, Imperfect, or Perfect

*Identify each form. Use vowel patterns and context clues where given.*

| # | Form | Context given? | Identification | Root | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | מ֥וֹת | preceded by לָ | | | |
| 16 | מ֥וֹת | followed by תָּמוּת | | | |
| 17 | שָׁמ֣וֹר | no context | | | |
| 18 | שְׁמֹר | no context | | | |
| 19 | שָׁמַ֣ר | no context | | | |
| 20 | יִשְׁמֹ֣ר | no context | | | |
| 21 | זָכ֕וֹר | preceded by imperative context | | | |
| 22 | לִ/זְכֹר | preceded by כִּי | | | |
| 23 | לֶ/כֶת | no context | | | |
| 24 | הָל֣וֹךְ | followed by וָ/שׁ֑וֹב | | | |
| 25 | הָלַ֥ךְ | no context | | | |

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## Answer Key

### Part A

| # | Pair | IA | Root | Class | Function | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מ֥וֹת — תָּמוּת | מ֥וֹת | מות | Biconsonantal | Emphatic | "you shall surely die" — death penalty formula; IA before Imperfect 2ms of same root |
| 2 | אָכֹ֥ל — תֹּאכֵֽל | אָכֹ֥ל | אכל | I-aleph | Emphatic | "you may freely eat" — permission; qamets under aleph |
| 3 | שָׁמ֣וֹעַ — תִּשְׁמָע | שָׁמ֣וֹעַ | שמע | Strong B (gutt.) | Emphatic | "hear attentively"; qamets + holem-waw + patach at gutt. R3 |
| 4 | שָׁמ֣וֹר — תִּשְׁמְרוּן | שָׁמ֣וֹר | שמר | Strong A | Emphatic | "carefully keep"; qamets + holem-waw on R2 |
| 5 | רָאֹ֣ה — רָאִ֛יתִי | רָאֹ֣ה | ראה | III-ה | Emphatic | "I have surely seen"; ה retained; burning bush declaration (Exo 3:7) |
| 6 | טָרֹ֥ף — טֹרַ֖ף | טָרֹ֥ף | טרף | Strong A | Emphatic | "he has surely been torn" (Gen 44:28); IA + passive Perfect = certainty |
| 7 | נָת֤וֹן — יִנָּתֵן | נָת֤וֹן | נתן | I-נ | Emphatic | "it shall certainly be given"; both nuns retained (contrast IC תֵּת) |
| 8 | אָבֹ֖ד — תֹּאבֵדוּן | אָבֹ֖ד | אבד | Strong A | Emphatic | "you shall utterly perish"; Deu threat formula |

### Part B

| # | Form | IA? | Root | Class | Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | זָכ֕וֹר | IA | זכר | Strong A | Imperatival | "Remember!" — Exo 20:8; IA stands alone as command; qamets + holem-waw |
| 10 | שָׁמ֗וֹר | IA | שמר | Strong A | Imperatival | "Keep/Observe!" — Deu 5:12; same structure as זָכ֕וֹר |
| 11 | הָל֣וֹךְ | IA | הלך | I-י | Manner/Progressive | "going"; paired with another IA (הָל֣וֹךְ וְגָדֵל = "growing greater"); retains full yod-shape |
| 12 | יָצוֹא֙ | IA | יצא | I-י + III-א | Emphatic/Manner | "going out"; IA retains yod-shape (contrast IC צֵאת) |
| 13 | הָי֧וֹ | IA | היה | III-ה | Emphatic/Verbal noun | "being/surely be"; ה retained |
| 14 | גָּאֹ֖ל | IA | גאל | Strong A | Emphatic | "surely redeem"; Leviticus legal formula; qamets + holem |

### Part C

| # | Form | Context | ID | Root | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | מ֥וֹת | preceded by לָ | **IC** | מות | Biconsonantal IC of מות ("to die"); the preposition לָ marks IC, not IA |
| 16 | מ֥וֹת | followed by תָּמוּת | **IA** | מות | Same form, but no preposition and paired with finite verb = emphatic IA |
| 17 | שָׁמ֣וֹר | no context | **IA** | שמר | Qamets under R1 = IA; IC/Imper. would have shewa |
| 18 | שְׁמֹר | no context | **IC or Imper.** | שמר | Shewa under R1 = IC or Imperative 2ms; ambiguous without context |
| 19 | שָׁמַ֣ר | no context | **Perfect 3ms** | שמר | Qamets + patach = Qal Perfect 3ms; not IA (IA would have holem on R2: שָׁמ֣וֹר) |
| 20 | יִשְׁמֹ֣ר | no context | **Imperfect 3ms** | שמר | יִ– prefix = Imperfect; cannot be IA |
| 21 | זָכ֕וֹר | imperatival context | **Imperatival IA** | זכר | Qamets + holem-waw; IA functions as command when no paired finite verb; Exo 20:8 |
| 22 | לִ/זְכֹר | preceded by כִּי | **IC** | זכר | לִ prefix = IC; shewa under ז confirms IC; "in order to remember" |
| 23 | לֶ/כֶת | no context | **IC** | הלך | I-י contracted IC form (seghol-taw); IA of הלך would be הָל֣וֹךְ |
| 24 | הָל֣וֹךְ | followed by וָ/שׁ֑וֹב | **IA (Manner)** | הלך | Paired IAs (hālôk wāšôb) describe manner/progressive action (Gen 8:3) |
| 25 | הָלַ֥ךְ | no context | **Perfect 3ms** | הלך | Qamets + patach = Perfect 3ms; note: IA is הָל֣וֹךְ (holem-waw, not patach) |
