# Chapter 32 — Stem-ID Drill (Strong Roots)

BBH Chapter 32 · Pual Strong Verbs

For each of the 24 forms, identify the stem (Qal / Piel / Pual), parse fully, and translate.

Stem | Perfect 3ms | Imperfect 3ms | Participle ms
--- | --- | --- | ---
Qal | qamets–patach (דָּבַר) | hiriq + shewa (יִדְבַּר) | holem + tsere (דֹּבֵר)
Piel | hiriq + dagesh in R2 (דִּבֶּר) | shewa + patach + dagesh (יְדַבֵּר) | מְ + patach + dagesh (מְדַבֵּר)
Pual | qibbuts + dagesh in R2 (דֻּבַּר) | shewa + qibbuts + dagesh (יְדֻבַּר) | מְ + qibbuts + qamets (מְדֻבָּר)

Quick test: Does R1 have qibbuts (ֻ) or holem where a guttural R2 blocks dagesh? → Pual. Does R1 have hiriq/tsere with dagesh forte in R2? → Piel. Plain vowel, no dagesh forte in R2? → Qal.

# | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | דָּבַר |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · דבר · "he spoke" (rare) — qamets under ד; patach under ב; no dagesh in ב
2 | דִּבֶּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · דבר · "he spoke" — hiriq under ד + dagesh forte in ב + tsere theme vowel
3 | דֻּבַּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · דבר · "it was spoken" — qibbuts under ד + dagesh forte in ב + patach theme vowel
4 | שָׁלַח |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · שׁלח · "he sent" — qamets under שׁ; patach under ל; ח at end (guttural, no dagesh issue)
5 | שִׁלַּח |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · שׁלח · "he sent away / released" — hiriq under שׁ + dagesh forte in ל + patach
6 | שֻׁלַּח |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · שׁלח · "he was sent away" — qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh forte in ל + patach
7 | כָּבֵד |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · כבד · "he was heavy / honored" — stative; qamets under כ + tsere theme vowel; no dagesh in ב
8 | כִּבֵּד |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · כבד · "he honored" — hiriq under כ + dagesh forte in ב + tsere
9 | כֻּבַּד |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · כבד · "he was honored" — qibbuts under כ + dagesh forte in ב + patach
10 | יְדַבֵּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperfect · 3ms · דבר · "he will speak" — יְ prefix + patach + dagesh in ב + tsere
11 | יִדְבַּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Imperfect · 3ms · דבר · "he will speak" (rare) — יִ prefix (hiriq) + shewa under ד + patach; no dagesh in ב
12 | יְדֻבַּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Imperfect · 3ms · דבר · "it will be spoken" — יְ prefix + qibbuts under ד + dagesh in ב
13 | יְשַׁלַּח |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperfect · 3ms · שׁלח · "he will send away" — יְ prefix + patach + dagesh in ל; characteristic Piel imperfect
14 | יִשְׁלַח |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Imperfect · 3ms · שׁלח · "he will send" — יִ prefix + shewa under שׁ + patach; no dagesh in ל
15 | יְשֻׁלַּח |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Imperfect · 3ms · שׁלח · "he will be sent" — יְ prefix + qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh in ל
16 | וַיְדַבֵּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · דבר · "and he spoke" — וַ + יְ prefix + patach + dagesh in ב; same stem markers as imperfect
17 | וַיִּדְבַּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · דבר · "and he spoke" (rare) — וַיִּ (dagesh forte in י = wayyiqtol marker) + shewa + patach; no dagesh in ב
18 | וַיְדֻבַּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · דבר · "and it was spoken" — וַ + יְ prefix + qibbuts under ד + dagesh in ב
19 | דַּבֵּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperative · 2ms · דבר · "speak!" — dagesh forte in ב + tsere; characteristic Piel imperative pattern
20 | דְּבַר |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Imperative · 2ms · דבר · "speak!" (rare) — shewa under ד + patach under ב; no dagesh; plain Qal imperative
21 | מְדַבֵּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Participle · ms · דבר · "speaking / one who speaks" — מְ prefix + patach under ד + dagesh in ב + tsere
22 | דֹּבֵר |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Participle · ms · דבר · "speaking / one who speaks" — holem under ד (Qal active ptcp pattern) + tsere; no prefix מ, no dagesh in ב
23 | מְדֻבָּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Participle · ms · דבר · "being spoken / what is spoken" — מְ prefix + qibbuts under ד + dagesh + qamets in ב
24 | סֻפַּר |  |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · ספר · "it was told / recounted" — qibbuts under ס + dagesh forte in פ + patach; confirm pattern from new root