# Chapter 33 — Qal–Piel–Pual Contrast Drill (Weak Roots)

*BBH Chapter 33 · Pual Weak Verbs*

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## Instructions

Each triplet below shows the **same weak root** in three stems: Qal, Piel, and Pual. For each form:

1. Identify the **stem** (Qal / Piel / Pual).
2. Provide the full **parse** (conjugation, person, gender, number).
3. Give the **translation**.

Focus on the R1 vowel as your primary stem indicator, and watch for the weak-root changes that affect these forms.

The answer key is at the bottom.

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## Weak Root Reference

| Weak type | Behavior in Pual |
|---|---|
| **III-ה roots** | Final ה quiesces; Pual 3ms ends in vowel + ָה (e.g., גֻּלָּה) |
| **I-Guttural roots** | Guttural R1 cannot take dagesh forte; shewa under guttural; patach is preferred as stem vowel (furtive in some forms) |

## Stem Reference

| Stem | R1 vowel (Perfect 3ms) | R2 / End | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Qal** | Variable | Normal | Simple active |
| **Piel** | Hiriq (or tsere) | Dagesh Forte in R2 | Intensive active |
| **Pual** | Qibbuts (or holem if R2 is guttural) | Dagesh Forte in R2 | Passive of Piel |

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## Triplet 1 — Root: גלה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | גָּלָה | | | | |
| 2 | גִּלָּה | | | | |
| 3 | גֻּלָּה | | | | |

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## Triplet 2 — Root: כלה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | כָּלָה | | | | |
| 5 | כִּלָּה | | | | |
| 6 | כֻּלָּה | | | | |

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## Triplet 3 — Root: ברך (I-Guttural)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | בָּרַךְ | | | | |
| 8 | בֵּרַךְ | | | | |
| 9 | בֹּרַךְ | | | | |

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## Triplet 4 — Root: ענה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | עָנָה | | | | |
| 11 | עִנָּה | | | | |
| 12 | עֻנָּה | | | | |

---

## Triplet 5 — Root: חיה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | חָיָה | | | | |
| 14 | חִיָּה | | | | |
| 15 | חֻיָּה | | | | |

---

## Answer Key

### Triplet 1 — Root: גלה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | גָּלָה | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | he went into exile / uncovered |
| 2 | גִּלָּה | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | he revealed / uncovered |
| 3 | גֻּלָּה | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | he was revealed / was uncovered |

*Notes: Qal גָּלָה has two meanings: intransitive (go into exile) and transitive (uncover). Piel גִּלָּה intensifies the transitive sense. Pual גֻּלָּה: qibbuts under ג + dagesh in ל + final ָה (III-ה Pual marker). The final ָה (= ָה vowel letter) is characteristic of III-ה Pual perfect 3ms.*

### Triplet 2 — Root: כלה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | כָּלָה | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | he finished / ceased |
| 5 | כִּלָּה | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | he completed / finished off |
| 6 | כֻּלָּה | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | he was finished / consumed |

*Notes: Qal כָּלָה is intransitive (to come to an end). Piel כִּלָּה is transitive/factitive (to bring to completion or destroy). Pual כֻּלָּה: same III-ה Pual pattern as גֻּלָּה.*

### Triplet 3 — Root: ברך (I-Guttural, R2 = ר)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | בָּרַךְ | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | he knelt |
| 8 | בֵּרַךְ | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | he blessed |
| 9 | בֹּרַךְ | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | he was blessed |

*Notes: ברך is I-guttural (ב is not a guttural; ר is R2 and rejects dagesh forte). Piel בֵּרַךְ: the tsere under ב is the Piel stem vowel with compensatory lengthening for ר's rejection of dagesh. Pual בֹּרַךְ: holem under ב instead of qibbuts, again because ר rejects dagesh forte in R2.*

### Triplet 4 — Root: ענה (III-ה, I-Guttural)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | עָנָה | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | he answered |
| 11 | עִנָּה | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | he afflicted / humbled |
| 12 | עֻנָּה | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | he was afflicted |

*Notes: ענה has two distinct Qal meanings depending on the root (I: answer; II: afflict). The Piel עִנָּה is from ענה II (afflict/humble). ע is a guttural (R1): in the Pual it does not take dagesh, but it does accept qibbuts as the stem vowel. The ן takes the dagesh forte (R2). Final ָה marks III-ה Pual.*

### Triplet 5 — Root: חיה (III-ה)

| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | חָיָה | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | he lived |
| 14 | חִיָּה | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | he kept alive |
| 15 | חֻיָּה | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | he was kept alive |

*Notes: חיה is III-ה with a yod as the middle root letter (historically III-י type). Piel חִיָּה: hiriq under ח + dagesh in י + final ָה. Pual חֻיָּה: qibbuts under ח + dagesh in י + final ָה. The pattern mirrors the III-ה forms above but with the ח guttural.*
