# Hiphil (הִפְעִיל) — Full Conjugation Paradigms

Model root: קטל (Qal: קָטַל). All forms are strong-root paradigms.
Qal column is included for direct comparison at each conjugation.
Source: Basics of Biblical Hebrew, Pratico & Van Pelt, Ch. 26

## Perfect (Qatal)

BBH §26.3 — Hiphil prefix: הִ; characteristic vowel: chiriq under first root letter

Person | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
3ms | קָטַל | הִקְטִיל
3fs | קָטְלָה | הִקְטִילָה
3cp | קָטְלוּ | הִקְטִילוּ
2ms | קָטַלְתָּ | הִקְטַלְתָּ
2mp | קְטַלְתֶּם | הִקְטַלְתֶּם
2fs | קָטַלְתְּ | הִקְטַלְתְּ
2fp | קְטַלְתֶּן | הִקְטַלְתֶּן
1cs | קָטַלְתִּי | הִקְטַלְתִּי
1cp | קָטַלְנוּ | הִקְטַלְנוּ

> Key marker: הִ prefix + chiriq vowel pattern distinguishes Hiphil from Qal (patach-patach) and Niphal (נִקְטַל, hiriq-patach).

## Imperfect (Yiqtol)

BBH §26.5 — Hiphil prefix vowel: patach (יַ); characteristic: chiriq in final syllable

Person | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
3ms | יִקְטֹל | יַקְטִיל
3fs | תִּקְטֹל | תַּקְטִיל
3mp | יִקְטְלוּ | יַקְטִילוּ
3fp | תִּקְטֹלְנָה | תַּקְטֵלְנָה
2ms | תִּקְטֹל | תַּקְטִיל
2fs | תִּקְטְלִי | תַּקְטִילִי
2mp | תִּקְטְלוּ | תַּקְטִילוּ
2fp | תִּקְטֹלְנָה | תַּקְטֵלְנָה
1cs | אֶקְטֹל | אַקְטִיל
1cp | נִקְטֹל | נַקְטִיל

> Key marker: Patach under prefix consonant (יַ/תַּ/אַ/נַ) vs. Qal's hiriq (יִ/תִּ/אֶ/נִ). Final chiriq in Hiphil vs. holem in Qal.

## Wayyiqtol

Sequential narrative form of the imperfect. Hiphil prefix: וַיַּ; final syllable shifts from chiriq to tsere.

Person | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
3ms | וַיִּקְטֹל | וַיַּקְטֵל
3fs | וַתִּקְטֹל | וַתַּקְטֵל
3mp | וַיִּקְטְלוּ | וַיַּקְטִילוּ
3fp | וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה | וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה
2ms | וַתִּקְטֹל | וַתַּקְטֵל
2mp | וַתִּקְטְלוּ | וַתַּקְטִילוּ
1cs | וָאֶקְטֹל | וָאַקְטֵל
1cp | וַנִּקְטֹל | וַנַּקְטֵל

> Key marker: Qal uses hiriq under prefix (וַיִּ); Hiphil uses patach (וַיַּ) + tsere in final syllable. The vowel shift chiriq → tsere from the Hiphil yiqtol is the diagnostic difference within the Hiphil itself.

## Weqatal

Sequential future form of the perfect. וְ + perfect form; used for sequential or consequential future.

Person | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
3ms | וְקָטַל | וְהִקְטִיל
3fs | וְקָטְלָה | וְהִקְטִילָה
3cp | וְקָטְלוּ | וְהִקְטִילוּ
2ms | וְקָטַלְתָּ | וְהִקְטַלְתָּ
2mp | וּקְטַלְתֶּם | וְהִקְטַלְתֶּם
1cs | וְקָטַלְתִּי | וְהִקְטַלְתִּי
1cp | וְקָטַלְנוּ | וְהִקְטַלְנוּ

> Key marker: Hiphil weqatal = וְ + perfect paradigm with הִ prefix. Context (future/sequential meaning) distinguishes it from a simple perfect with vav-conjunction.

## Imperative

BBH §26.7 — Hiphil prefix: הַ; tsere in final syllable (2ms)

Form | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
2ms | קְטֹל | הַקְטֵל
2fs | קִטְלִי | הַקְטִילִי
2mp | קִטְלוּ | הַקְטִילוּ
2fp | קְטֹלְנָה | הַקְטֵלְנָה

> Key marker: Qal imperative has no prefix (bare stem); Hiphil takes הַ prefix. The הַ prefix + tsere final (2ms) or chiriq (2fs/2mp) is the Hiphil signature.

## Infinitive Construct

BBH §26.9 — Hiphil prefix: הַ; chiriq in final syllable

Form | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
Base | קְטֹל | הַקְטִיל
With לְ | לִקְטֹל | לְהַקְטִיל
With בְּ | בִּקְטֹל | בְּהַקְטִיל
With כְּ | כִּקְטֹל | כְּהַקְטִיל

> Key marker: Hiphil inf. construct הַ prefix + chiriq final. Nearly identical in form to the Hiphil perfect 3ms (הִקְטִיל) — distinguished by the vowel under הַ (patach in inf. construct, hiriq in perfect).

## Infinitive Absolute

BBH §26.11 — Hiphil prefix: הַ; tsere in final syllable

Form | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
Standard | קָטוֹל | הַקְטֵל

> Usage: Appears before or after a finite verb of the same root for emphasis (הַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה "I will surely multiply"). Qal inf. absolute uses qamets-holem (קָטוֹל); Hiphil uses הַ + tsere (הַקְטֵל), identical in form to the Hiphil imperative 2ms.

## Participle (Active)

BBH §26.13 — Hiphil prefix: מַ; chiriq in final syllable

Form | Qal | Hiphil
--- | --- | ---
ms | קֹטֵל | מַקְטִיל
fs | קֹטֶלֶת | מַקְטֶלֶת
mp | קֹטְלִים | מַקְטִילִים
fp | קֹטְלוֹת | מַקְטִילוֹת

> Key marker: Qal participle has no prefix and uses holem (קֹ). Hiphil takes מַ prefix + chiriq (ms) or tsere-seghol (fs). Distinguish from Piel participle (מְקַטֵּל — shewa under מְ vs. patach under מַ).

## Summary: Qal vs. Hiphil at a Glance

Conjugation | Qal marker | Hiphil marker
--- | --- | ---
Perfect | קָ / patach-patach | הִ + chiriq
Imperfect | יִ / hiriq + holem | יַ / patach + chiriq
Wayyiqtol | וַיִּ + holem | וַיַּ + tsere
Weqatal | וְקָ | וְהִ
Imperative | no prefix + holem | הַ + tsere (2ms)
Inf. Construct | קְטֹל | הַקְטִיל
Inf. Absolute | קָטוֹל | הַקְטֵל
Participle ms | קֹטֵל / no prefix | מַקְטִיל / מַ prefix + chiriq