# Ch19 Passage Exercise — Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs in Context

*For each highlighted form, give: (a) Base Verb (conjugation, root), (b) Suffix (PGN), (c) Suffix Role (Object / Subject on Inf.Const.), (d) Full Gloss.*

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## Passage A — Genesis 28:13–15 (God's Promise to Jacob)

> הָ/אָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ לְ/ךָ֥ אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה וּ/לְ/זַרְעֶֽךָ׃
> **וּ/שְׁמַרְתִּ֙י/ךָ֙** בְּ/כֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ךְ
> **וַ/הֲשִׁ֣בֹתִ֔י/ךָ** אֶל\־הָ/אֲדָמָ֖ה הַ/זֹּ֑את
> כִּ֚י **לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱזָבְ/ךָ֔** עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם\־עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר\־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי לָֽ/ךְ׃

| # | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suffix PGN | Suffix Role | Full Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וּשְׁמַרְתִּיךָ | | | | | |
| 2 | וַהֲשִׁבֹתִיךָ | | | | | |
| 3 | אֶעֱזָבְךָ | | | | | |

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## Passage B — Genesis 45:4–8 (Joseph Reveals Himself)

> אֲנִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף אֲחִי/כֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר\־**מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתִ֖י** מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃
> **שְׁלָחַ֥נִי** אֱלֹהִ֖ים לִ/פְנֵי/כֶ֑ם
> וַ/**יִּשְׁלָחֵ֤נִי** אֱלֹהִ֙ים֙ לִ/פְנֵי/כֶ֔ם
> לֹ\-אַתֶּ֣ם **שְׁלַחְתֶּ֤ם** אֹתִ֙י֙ הֵ֔נָּה כִּ֥י הָ/אֱלֹהִ֖ים

| # | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suffix PGN | Suffix Role | Full Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | שְׁלָחַ֥נִי (first) | | | | | |
| 5 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֥נִי | | | | | |
| 6 | מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתִי | | | | | |

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## Passage C — Psalm 23:1–4 (The LORD My Shepherd)

> יְהוָ֥ה רֹ֝עִ֗י לֹ֣א אֶחְסָֽר׃
> בִּ/נְא֣וֹת דֶּ֭שֶׁא **יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי**
> עַל\־מֵ֥י מְ֝נֻח֗וֹת **יְנַהֲלֵ֥נִי**
> **יְשׁ֥וֹבֵֽב** נַ֑פְשִׁי
> **יַנְחֵ֥נִי** בְמַעְגְּלֵי\־צֶ֝֗דֶק לְ/מַ֣עַן שְׁמ֑/וֹ׃
> גַּ֤ם כִּי\־אֵלֵ֨ךְ בְּ/גֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת לֹא\־אִירָ֘א רָ֤ע כִּי\-אַתָּ֣ה עִמָּדִ֑י
> שִׁבְטְ/ךָ֥ וּ/מִשְׁעַנְתֶּ֗/ךָ הֵ֣מָּה **יְנַחֲמֻ֑נִי**

| # | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suffix PGN | Suffix Role | Full Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי | | | | | |
| 8 | יְנַהֲלֵ֥נִי | | | | | |
| 9 | יַנְחֵ֥נִי | | | | | |
| 10 | יְנַחֲמֻ֑נִי | | | | | |

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## Passage D — Genesis 39:12–20 (Infinitive Construct + Suffix)

> **כִּ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ** אֲדֹנָ֗יו אֶת\־דִּבְרֵ֤י אִשְׁתּ֙/וֹ֙
> **כְּ/רְאֹת/וֹ֙** כִּ֣י\-**עָזַ֤ב בִּגְד/וֹ֙** בְּ/יָדָ֔הּ
> **בִּ/הְיוֹת/וֹ֙** שָׁ֔ם בְּ/בֵ֖ית הַ/סֹּ֑הַר

| # | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suffix PGN | Suffix Role | Full Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֲדֹנָ֗יו | | | | | |
| 12 | כְּרְאֹת/וֹ | | | | | |
| 13 | עָזַ֤ב בִּגְד/וֹ | | | | | |
| 14 | בִּהְיוֹת/וֹ | | | | | |

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## Passage E — Psalm 16:1 + Deuteronomy 31:6

> **שָׁמְרֵ֥נִי** אֵ֑ל כִּ֖י חָסִ֣יתִי בָֽ/ךְ׃ [Psa 16:1]
> לֹ֤א יַרְפְּ/ךָ֙ וְ/לֹ֣א **יַעַזְבֶ֔/ךָּ** [Deu 31:6]

| # | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suffix PGN | Suffix Role | Full Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | שָׁמְרֵ֥נִי | | | | | |
| 16 | יַעַזְבֶ֔/ךָּ | | | | | |

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## Answer Key

| # | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suf. PGN | Role | Full Gloss | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וּשְׁמַרְתִּיךָ | Qal Weqatal 1cs | שמר | 2ms | Object | "and I will keep you" | Sequential future + 2ms suffix; God to Jacob |
| 2 | וַהֲשִׁבֹתִיךָ | Hiphil Weqatal 1cs | שוב | 2ms | Object | "and I will bring you back" | Hiphil "cause to return" + 2ms suffix |
| 3 | אֶעֱזָבְךָ | Qal Imperfect 1cs | עזב | 2ms | Object | "I will forsake you" | With לֹא = "I will not forsake you"; I-aleph; hateph under ע |
| 4 | שְׁלָחַ֥נִי | Qal Perfect 3ms | שלח | 1cs | Object | "God sent me" | Joseph's theological reframing; perfect with 1cs suffix |
| 5 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֥נִי | Qal Wayyiqtol 3ms | שלח | 1cs | Object | "and God sent me" | Second statement; Wayyiqtol = sequential narrative |
| 6 | מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתִי | Qal Perfect 2mp | מכר | — | — | "you sold me" | Separate אֹתִי (not suffix on verb); note the difference |
| 7 | יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי | Hiphil Imperfect 3ms | רבץ | 1cs | Object | "he makes me lie down" | Hiphil causative + 1cs; Psalm 23 shepherd imagery |
| 8 | יְנַהֲלֵ֥נִי | Piel Imperfect 3ms | נהל | 1cs | Object | "he leads me" | Piel + 1cs; "beside still waters" |
| 9 | יַנְחֵ֥נִי | Hiphil Imperfect 3ms | נחה | 1cs | Object | "he guides me" | Hiphil + 1cs + III-ה |
| 10 | יְנַחֲמֻ֑נִי | Piel Imperfect 3mp | נחם | 1cs | Object | "they comfort me" | Piel + 1cs; 3mp (rod and staff are plural subject) |
| 11 | כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֲדֹנָ֗יו | Qal Inf.Const. | שמע | 3ms (אֲדֹנָ֗יו = possessive, not suffix) | Subject | "when his master heard" | כְּ + Inf.Const. temporal; subject expressed by following noun; no verb suffix here |
| 12 | כְּרְאֹת/וֹ | Qal Inf.Const. | ראה | 3ms | Subject | "when he saw" | כְּ + III-ה Inf.Const. + 3ms subject suffix |
| 13 | עָזַ֤ב בִּגְד/וֹ | Qal Perfect 3ms | עזב | 3ms (on בִּגְד) | Possessive on noun | "he left his garment" | Suffix on noun (בֶּגֶד), not on verb — important distinction |
| 14 | בִּהְיוֹת/וֹ | Qal Inf.Const. | היה | 3ms | Subject | "while he was there" | בְּ + III-ה Inf.Const. + 3ms subject suffix; temporal |
| 15 | שָׁמְרֵ֥נִי | Qal Imperative 2ms | שמר | 1cs | Object | "Keep me!" | Imperative + 1cs; classic prayer address |
| 16 | יַעַזְבֶ֔/ךָּ | Qal Imperfect 3ms | עזב | 2ms | Object | "he will forsake you" | With לֹא = "he will not forsake you"; Moses's promise |

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## Reflection Questions

1. In Passage B, Joseph says both שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֱלֹהִ֖ים (Perfect + suffix) and וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֤נִי אֱלֹהִ֙ים֙ (Wayyiqtol + suffix) in adjacent verses. Both mean "God sent me." What is the difference in narrative perspective between using the Perfect and the Wayyiqtol to express the same past event? Why might the text use both?

2. In Passage C (Psalm 23), all the verbs describing what the LORD does for the speaker carry a 1cs suffix: יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי, יְנַהֲלֵ֥נִי, יַנְחֵ֥נִי, יְנַחֲמֻ֑נִי. What is the cumulative rhetorical effect of this repeated pattern? How would the psalm read differently if these were expressed as third-person statements about what God does in general?

3. In Passage D (Genesis 39), the narrative uses three Infinitive Construct + suffix constructions (כְּ/רְאֹת/וֹ, בִּ/הְיוֹת/וֹ) to set the temporal scene. The suffix on the Inf.Const. marks the subject, not the object. How does this differ from the suffix on a finite verb, and why is getting this distinction right critical for accurate translation of these common narrative clauses?
