# Chapter 29 — Stem-ID Drill (Weak Roots)

*BBH Chapter 29 · Hophal Weak Verbs*

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## Instructions

This drill mixes 24 forms of weak roots (hollow and I-י), drawn from the stems you have learned through Chapter 29: **Qal, Niphal, Hiphil, and Hophal**. For each item:

1. **Identify the stem** (Qal / Niphal / Hiphil / Hophal).
2. **Parse** the conjugation and PGN where applicable.
3. **Translate** the form.

Roots used: **בוא** (hollow), **שׁוב** (hollow), **קום** (hollow), **ירד** (I-י), **ילד** (I-י).

The answer key is at the bottom.

> **Note on item 11:** The Niphal Imperfect 3ms of the hollow root בוא exhibits an unusual form. The expected form is **יִוָּבֵא** (with assimilation of the נ and the middle root consonant ו retained as a consonant). Some grammars give יֵאָבֵא. This drill uses **יִוָּבֵא**.

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## Exercise Table

| # | Hebrew | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בָּא | | | | | |
| 2 | הֵבִיא | | | | | |
| 3 | נָבוֹא | | | | | |
| 4 | הוּבָא | | | | | |
| 5 | שָׁב | | | | | |
| 6 | הֵשִׁיב | | | | | |
| 7 | יָרַד | | | | | |
| 8 | הוֹרִיד | | | | | |
| 9 | יָבוֹא | | | | | |
| 10 | יָבִיא | | | | | |
| 11 | יִוָּבֵא | | | | | |
| 12 | יוּבָא | | | | | |
| 13 | יָשׁוּב | | | | | |
| 14 | יָשִׁיב | | | | | |
| 15 | יוּשַׁב | | | | | |
| 16 | וַיָּבֹא | | | | | |
| 17 | וַיָּבֵא | | | | | |
| 18 | וַיּוּבָא | | | | | |
| 19 | קָם | | | | | |
| 20 | הֵקִים | | | | | |
| 21 | הוּקַם | | | | | |
| 22 | יָלַד | | | | | |
| 23 | הוֹלִיד | | | | | |
| 24 | הוּלַד | | | | | |

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## Answer Key

| # | Hebrew | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בָּא | **Qal** | Perfect | 3ms | בוא | he came |
| 2 | הֵבִיא | **Hiphil** | Perfect | 3ms | בוא | he brought |
| 3 | נָבוֹא | **Niphal** | Perfect | 3ms | בוא | he came in (reflexive) / he entered |
| 4 | הוּבָא | **Hophal** | Perfect | 3ms | בוא | he was brought |
| 5 | שָׁב | **Qal** | Perfect | 3ms | שׁוב | he returned |
| 6 | הֵשִׁיב | **Hiphil** | Perfect | 3ms | שׁוב | he returned (it) / brought back |
| 7 | יָרַד | **Qal** | Perfect | 3ms | ירד | he went down |
| 8 | הוֹרִיד | **Hiphil** | Perfect | 3ms | ירד | he brought down |
| 9 | יָבוֹא | **Qal** | Imperfect | 3ms | בוא | he will come / he comes |
| 10 | יָבִיא | **Hiphil** | Imperfect | 3ms | בוא | he will bring |
| 11 | יִוָּבֵא | **Niphal** | Imperfect | 3ms | בוא | he will come in / he will be brought in |
| 12 | יוּבָא | **Hophal** | Imperfect | 3ms | בוא | he will be brought |
| 13 | יָשׁוּב | **Qal** | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁוב | he will return / he returns |
| 14 | יָשִׁיב | **Hiphil** | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁוב | he will bring back / restore |
| 15 | יוּשַׁב | **Hophal** | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁוב | he will be brought back |
| 16 | וַיָּבֹא | **Qal** | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | בוא | and he came |
| 17 | וַיָּבֵא | **Hiphil** | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | בוא | and he brought |
| 18 | וַיּוּבָא | **Hophal** | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | בוא | and he was brought |
| 19 | קָם | **Qal** | Perfect | 3ms | קום | he arose |
| 20 | הֵקִים | **Hiphil** | Perfect | 3ms | קום | he established / raised up |
| 21 | הוּקַם | **Hophal** | Perfect | 3ms | קום | he was raised up / was established |
| 22 | יָלַד | **Qal** | Perfect | 3ms | ילד | he fathered / he bore |
| 23 | הוֹלִיד | **Hiphil** | Perfect | 3ms | ילד | he begat / caused to be born |
| 24 | הוּלַד | **Hophal** | Perfect | 3ms | ילד | he was born |

### Morphological Notes

| Feature | Qal | Hiphil | Hophal |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Perfect 3ms prefix (hollow)** | No prefix; qamets under 1st consonant (בָּא, שָׁב, קָם) | הֵ + chiriq-yod in stem (הֵבִיא, הֵשִׁיב, הֵקִים) | הוּ + contracted stem (הוּבָא, הוּשַׁב, הוּקַם) |
| **Perfect 3ms prefix (I-י)** | Base vowels (יָרַד, יָלַד) | הוֹ + chiriq-yod (הוֹרִיד, הוֹלִיד) | הוּ + patach (הוּרַד, הוּלַד) |
| **Imperfect 3ms (hollow)** | Long vowel in prefix-stem (יָבוֹא, יָשׁוּב) | a-class prefix + chiriq-yod (יָבִיא, יָשִׁיב) | יוּ prefix + contracted stem (יוּבָא, יוּשַׁב) |
| **Wayyiqtol 3ms (hollow)** | וַיָּ + contracted stem (וַיָּבֹא) | וַיָּ + tsere/chiriq in stem (וַיָּבֵא) | וַיּוּ + contracted stem (וַיּוּבָא) |

> **Key rule:** In weak Hophal (hollow and I-י), the characteristic vowel is **וּ (shureq)** in the prefix slot — whether הוּ (Perfect/Inf.), יוּ (Imperfect), וַיּוּ (Wayyiqtol), or מוּ (Participle). This שׁוּרֶק is the single most reliable marker of Hophal in weak verb paradigms.
