# Chapter 33 — Qal–Piel–Pual Contrast Drill (Weak Roots)

BBH Chapter 33 · Pual Weak Verbs

Each triplet shows the same weak root in Qal, Piel, and Pual. For each form: (1) identify the stem, (2) parse fully, (3) translate.

Stem | R1 vowel (Perfect 3ms) | R2 / End | Function
--- | --- | --- | ---
Qal | Variable (qamets, etc.) | Normal for weak type | Simple active
Piel | Hiriq (or tsere) | Dagesh Forte in R2 | Intensive active
Pual | Qibbuts (or holem if R2 guttural) | Dagesh Forte in R2 | Passive of Piel

III-ה Pual perfect 3ms: ends in ָּה (qamets-heh) — the ה quiesces and the qibbuts + dagesh pattern appears in R1–R2.
I-Guttural / R2-guttural: gutturals reject dagesh forte — look for compensatory lengthening (qibbuts → holem, hiriq → tsere).
Triplet 1 — Root: גלה (III-ה)

# | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | גָּלָה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he went into exile / uncovered" — qamets under ג; final ָה is the III-ה perfect 3ms ending; no dagesh in ל
2 | גִּלָּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he revealed / uncovered" — hiriq under ג + dagesh forte in ל + final ָה; Piel of III-ה root
3 | גֻּלָּה |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was revealed / uncovered" — qibbuts under ג + dagesh forte in ל + final ָה; III-ה Pual pattern

Triplet 2 — Root: כלה (III-ה)

# | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
4 | כָּלָה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he finished / ceased" — intransitive: to come to an end; qamets under כ; no dagesh in ל
5 | כִּלָּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he completed / finished off" — hiriq under כ + dagesh in ל + final ָה; transitive/factitive of כלה
6 | כֻּלָּה |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was finished / consumed" — qibbuts under כ + dagesh in ל + final ָה; passive of Piel

Triplet 3 — Root: ברך (R2 = ר rejects dagesh)

# | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
7 | בָּרַךְ |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he knelt" — qamets under ב; no dagesh in ר (ר never takes dagesh); rare Qal usage
8 | בֵּרַךְ |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he blessed" — tsere under ב (Piel stem vowel lengthened from hiriq; ר rejects dagesh → compensatory lengthening)
9 | בֹּרַךְ |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was blessed" — holem under ב (Pual qibbuts lengthened; ר rejects dagesh forte in R2) + patach

Triplet 4 — Root: ענה (III-ה, I-Guttural ע)

# | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
10 | עָנָה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he answered" — ענה I; qamets under ע + final ָה; ע is guttural but causes no change in Qal perfect 3ms
11 | עִנָּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he afflicted / humbled" — ענה II; hiriq under ע (guttural accepts hiriq) + dagesh in ן + final ָה
12 | עֻנָּה |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was afflicted" — qibbuts under ע + dagesh forte in ן + final ָה; ע takes qibbuts (gutturals prefer a-class but qibbuts appears here)

Triplet 5 — Root: חיה (III-ה)

# | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
13 | חָיָה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he lived" — III-ה root; qamets under ח; final ָה; ח is guttural (R1) but doesn't change 3ms perfect form
14 | חִיָּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he kept alive" — hiriq under ח + dagesh forte in י + final ָה; Piel of III-ה with yod as R2
15 | חֻיָּה |  |  |  |  |
Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was kept alive" — qibbuts under ח + dagesh forte in י + final ָה; Pual of III-ה; passive of Piel חִיָּה