# Chapter 32 — Stem-ID Drill (Strong Roots)

*BBH Chapter 32 · Pual Strong Verbs*

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## Instructions

For each of the 24 forms below, identify the **stem** (Qal, Piel, or Pual), then provide a full parse (conjugation, PGN) and translation.

Forms are drawn from a single root family (דבר / שׁלח / כבד / ספר) with all three stems represented 8 times each, interleaved across multiple conjugations.

The answer key is at the bottom.

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## Diagnostic Summary

| Stem | Perfect 3ms | Imperfect 3ms | Participle ms |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Qal** | qamets–patach (דָּבַר) | hiriq + shewa (יִדְבַּר) | active qal pattern (דֹּבֵר) |
| **Piel** | hiriq + dagesh in R2 (דִּבֶּר) | shewa prefix + dagesh (יְדַבֵּר) | מְ + dagesh in R2 (מְדַבֵּר) |
| **Pual** | qibbuts + dagesh in R2 (דֻּבַּר) | shewa prefix + qibbuts + dagesh (יְדֻבַּר) | מְ + qibbuts + qamets (מְדֻבָּר) |

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## Exercise Table

| # | Hebrew | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | דָּבַר | | | | | |
| 2 | דִּבֶּר | | | | | |
| 3 | דֻּבַּר | | | | | |
| 4 | שָׁלַח | | | | | |
| 5 | שִׁלַּח | | | | | |
| 6 | שֻׁלַּח | | | | | |
| 7 | כָּבֵד | | | | | |
| 8 | כִּבֵּד | | | | | |
| 9 | כֻּבַּד | | | | | |
| 10 | יְדַבֵּר | | | | | |
| 11 | יִדְבַּר | | | | | |
| 12 | יְדֻבַּר | | | | | |
| 13 | יְשַׁלַּח | | | | | |
| 14 | יִשְׁלַח | | | | | |
| 15 | יְשֻׁלַּח | | | | | |
| 16 | וַיְדַבֵּר | | | | | |
| 17 | וַיִּדְבַּר | | | | | |
| 18 | וַיְדֻבַּר | | | | | |
| 19 | דַּבֵּר | | | | | |
| 20 | דְּבַר | | | | | |
| 21 | מְדַבֵּר | | | | | |
| 22 | דֹּבֵר | | | | | |
| 23 | מְדֻבָּר | | | | | |
| 24 | סֻפַּר | | | | | |

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## Answer Key

| # | Hebrew | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | דָּבַר | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | דבר | he spoke (rare) |
| 2 | דִּבֶּר | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | דבר | he spoke |
| 3 | דֻּבַּר | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | דבר | it was spoken |
| 4 | שָׁלַח | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | שׁלח | he sent |
| 5 | שִׁלַּח | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | שׁלח | he sent away / released |
| 6 | שֻׁלַּח | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | שׁלח | he was sent away |
| 7 | כָּבֵד | Qal | Perfect | 3ms | כבד | he was heavy / honored (stative) |
| 8 | כִּבֵּד | Piel | Perfect | 3ms | כבד | he honored |
| 9 | כֻּבַּד | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | כבד | he was honored |
| 10 | יְדַבֵּר | Piel | Imperfect | 3ms | דבר | he will speak |
| 11 | יִדְבַּר | Qal | Imperfect | 3ms | דבר | he will speak (rare) |
| 12 | יְדֻבַּר | Pual | Imperfect | 3ms | דבר | it will be spoken |
| 13 | יְשַׁלַּח | Piel | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁלח | he will send away |
| 14 | יִשְׁלַח | Qal | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁלח | he will send |
| 15 | יְשֻׁלַּח | Pual | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁלח | he will be sent |
| 16 | וַיְדַבֵּר | Piel | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | דבר | and he spoke |
| 17 | וַיִּדְבַּר | Qal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | דבר | and he spoke (rare) |
| 18 | וַיְדֻבַּר | Pual | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | דבר | and it was spoken |
| 19 | דַּבֵּר | Piel | Imperative | 2ms | דבר | speak! |
| 20 | דְּבַר | Qal | Imperative | 2ms | דבר | speak! (rare) |
| 21 | מְדַבֵּר | Piel | Participle | ms | דבר | speaking / one who speaks |
| 22 | דֹּבֵר | Qal | Participle | ms | דבר | speaking / one who speaks |
| 23 | מְדֻבָּר | Pual | Participle | ms | דבר | being spoken / what is spoken |
| 24 | סֻפַּר | Pual | Perfect | 3ms | ספר | it was told / recounted |

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### Parsing Notes

- **#10 vs #11:** יְדַבֵּר (Piel) vs יִדְבַּר (Qal) — note the prefix vowel: shewa + patach (Piel) vs hiriq + shewa (Qal). Also dagesh in ב for Piel.
- **#16–18:** Wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive + imperfect) follows the same stem pattern as the imperfect.
- **#19 Piel imperative:** The dagesh forte in ב and final tsere are characteristic Piel imperative markers.
- **#22 Qal participle:** דֹּבֵר — holem under ד is the Qal active participle vowel pattern.
- **#23 Pual participle:** מְדֻבָּר — prefix מְ + qibbuts under ד + qamets under ב (not patach as in Piel participle מְדַבֵּר).
