# Chapter 18 — Qal Imperative Parsing Drill

For each form: (a) Conjugation, (b) Person, (c) Number, (d) Gender, (e) Root. Click ▶ Answer to reveal; click again to hide.

## Part A — Strong and Common Roots

All forms are Qal Imperative. Parse the PGN and identify the root.

# | Form | Conjugation | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | שְׁמֹר |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · שמר — Strong A-class; shewa + holem; "Guard!"
2 | שִׁמְרִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Feminine · שמר — + ִי suffix (hireq-yod)
3 | שִׁמְרוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Masculine · שמר — + וּ suffix (shureq)
4 | שְׁמֹרְנָה |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Feminine · שמר — + נָה suffix
5 | שְׁמַע |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · שמע — B-class; gutt. R3 forces patach instead of holem; "Hear!"
6 | שִׁמְעוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Masculine · שמע — B-class 2mp; + וּ suffix
7 | זְכֹר |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · זכר — Strong A-class; "Remember!" — frequent in Deuteronomy
8 | חֲזַק |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · חזק — I-gutt. chateph under ח; B-class patach; "Be strong!" (Deu 31:6)
9 | כְּתֹב |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · כתב — Strong A-class; "Write!"
10 | קְרָא |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · קרא — III-א; qamets before quiescent aleph; "Call / Read!"

## Part B — Weak Root Imperatives

# | Form | Conjugation | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Weak Class |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
11 | לֵךְ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · הלך · I-י — Extremely short; tsere; ה of הלך absent; "Go!"
12 | לְכוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Masculine · הלך · I-י — + וּ; shewa under ל
13 | עֲשֵׂה |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · עשה · III-ה + I-gutt. — ה retained in 2ms; chateph under ע; "Do / Make!"
14 | עֲשׂוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Masculine · עשה · III-ה + I-gutt. — ה drops before -וּ
15 | רְאֵה |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · ראה · III-ה — ה retained; tsere before ה; "See!"
16 | קוּם |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · קום · Biconsonantal — Full shureq vowel retained; "Arise!"
17 | קוּמִי |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Feminine · קום · Biconsonantal — + ִי suffix
18 | בֹּא |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · בוא · Biconsonantal — Holem-waw; aleph quiesces; "Come / Enter!"
19 | שׁוּב |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · שוב · Biconsonantal — Full shureq retained; "Return!"
20 | שֵׁב |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · ישב · I-י — Short form; tsere; yod absent; "Sit / Dwell!"
21 | צֵא |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · יצא · I-י + III-א — Tsere; aleph quiesces at R3; "Go out!"
22 | תֵּן |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · נתן · I-נ — Both nuns drop/assimilate; very short; "Give!"
23 | תְּנוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Masculine · נתן · I-נ — + וּ suffix
24 | אֱמֹר |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · אמר · I-aleph — Hateph-seghol under aleph; "Say!"
25 | קַח |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · לקח · I-י — Short form; from יִקַּח; "Take!"

## Part C — Disambiguation: Imperative, Imperfect, or Jussive?

Key rule: Positive commands use the Imperative (no prefix). Negative commands never use the Imperative — they use אַל + Jussive (immediate prohibition) or לֹא + Imperfect (permanent prohibition).

# | Form | Form Type | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
26 | שְׁמֹר |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · שמר — No prefix; direct positive command
27 | יִשְׁמֹר |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperfect · 3rd · Singular · Masculine · שמר — יִ– prefix; not a command; "he will keep"
28 | אַל־יִשְׁמֹר |  |  |  |  |  |
Jussive (with אַל) · 3rd · Singular · Masculine · שמר — אַל + Jussive = negative prohibition; "let him not keep"
29 | לְכוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Plural · Masculine · הלך — No prefix; I-י imperative 2mp; "Go!" (pl.)
30 | יֵלְכוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperfect · 3rd · Plural · Masculine · הלך — יֵ– prefix; I-י imperfect 3mp; "they will go"
31 | עֲשֵׂה |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · עשה — No prefix; III-ה 2ms; ה retained; "Do / Make!"
32 | יַעַשׂ |  |  |  |  |  |
Jussive / Imperfect · 3rd · Singular · Masculine · עשה — III-ה short form; context determines Jussive vs. Imperfect; "he will do / let him do"
33 | אַל־תַּעַשׂ |  |  |  |  |  |
Jussive (with אַל) · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · עשה — אַל + Jussive 2ms; "Do not do!" — note: NOT Imperative; Hebrew uses Jussive for negated commands
34 | בֹּא |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperative · 2nd · Singular · Masculine · בוא — No prefix; biconsonantal 2ms; "Come / Enter!"
35 | יָבֹא |  |  |  |  |  |
Imperfect · 3rd · Singular · Masculine · בוא — יָ– prefix; biconsonantal imperfect; "he will come"