# Ch8 Pronoun Identification Drill

*For each item: (1) Identify the pronoun type (Personal / Demonstrative / Relative / Interrogative), (2) Isolate the pronoun, (3) Parse it — give Person, Gender, Number (PGN) where applicable; for Relative and Interrogative write "indecl.", (4) Translate the full phrase.*

---

## Items 1–25

| # | Hebrew | Pronoun Type | Pronoun | Parse (PGN) | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם | | | | |
| 2 | אַתָּה עַבְדִּי | | | | |
| 3 | הוּא הַכֹּהֵן | | | | |
| 4 | הִיא הַמַּלְכָּה | | | | |
| 5 | אֲנַחְנוּ עֲבָדֶיךָ | | | | |
| 6 | אַתֶּם עֵדַי | | | | |
| 7 | אָנֹכִי הָאִישׁ | | | | |
| 8 | הֵם הַכֹּהֲנִים | | | | |
| 9 | הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה | | | | |
| 10 | הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת | | | | |
| 11 | הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה | | | | |
| 12 | זֶה הָאִישׁ | | | | |
| 13 | זֹאת הָאָרֶץ | | | | |
| 14 | בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא | | | | |
| 15 | בָּעֵת הַהִיא | | | | |
| 16 | הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר בָּא | | | | |
| 17 | הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי | | | | |
| 18 | הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהוָה לָנוּ | | | | |
| 19 | הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר עָבַד אֶת יְהוָה | | | | |
| 20 | הַמִּצְוָה אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִיךָ | | | | |
| 21 | הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ | | | | |
| 22 | מִי אַתָּה | | | | |
| 23 | מַה זֶּה | | | | |
| 24 | מִי הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה | | | | |
| 25 | מַה עָשִׂיתָ | | | | |

---

## Answer Key

| # | Hebrew | Pronoun Type | Pronoun | Parse (PGN) | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם | Personal | אֲנִי | 1cs | "I am the LORD your God" |
| 2 | אַתָּה עַבְדִּי | Personal | אַתָּה | 2ms | "You are my servant" |
| 3 | הוּא הַכֹּהֵן | Personal | הוּא | 3ms | "He is the priest" |
| 4 | הִיא הַמַּלְכָּה | Personal | הִיא | 3fs | "She is the queen" |
| 5 | אֲנַחְנוּ עֲבָדֶיךָ | Personal | אֲנַחְנוּ | 1cp | "We are your servants" |
| 6 | אַתֶּם עֵדַי | Personal | אַתֶּם | 2mp | "You are my witnesses" |
| 7 | אָנֹכִי הָאִישׁ | Personal | אָנֹכִי | 1cs | "I am the man" |
| 8 | הֵם הַכֹּהֲנִים | Personal | הֵם | 3mp | "They are the priests" |
| 9 | הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה | Demonstrative | הַזֶּה | ms (near) | "this man" |
| 10 | הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת | Demonstrative | הַזֹּאת | fs (near) | "this woman" |
| 11 | הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה | Demonstrative | הָאֵלֶּה | cp (near) | "these words/things" |
| 12 | זֶה הָאִישׁ | Demonstrative | זֶה | ms (near) | "This is the man" |
| 13 | זֹאת הָאָרֶץ | Demonstrative | זֹאת | fs (near) | "This is the land" |
| 14 | בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא | Demonstrative | הַהוּא | ms (far) | "on that day" |
| 15 | בָּעֵת הַהִיא | Demonstrative | הַהִיא | fs (far) | "at that time" |
| 16 | הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר בָּא | Relative | אֲשֶׁר | indecl. | "the man who came" |
| 17 | הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי | Relative | אֲשֶׁר | indecl. | "the woman whom I saw" |
| 18 | הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהוָה לָנוּ | Relative | אֲשֶׁר | indecl. | "the land that the LORD gave to us" |
| 19 | הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר עָבַד אֶת יְהוָה | Relative | אֲשֶׁר | indecl. | "the man who served the LORD" |
| 20 | הַמִּצְוָה אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִיךָ | Relative | אֲשֶׁר | indecl. | "the commandment that I commanded you" |
| 21 | הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ | Relative | אֲשֶׁר | indecl. | "the word/thing that you heard" |
| 22 | מִי אַתָּה | Interrogative | מִי | indecl. | "Who are you?" |
| 23 | מַה זֶּה | Interrogative | מַה | indecl. | "What is this?" |
| 24 | מִי הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה | Interrogative | מִי | indecl. | "Who is this man?" |
| 25 | מַה עָשִׂיתָ | Interrogative | מַה | indecl. | "What have you done?" |

---

## Notes on Selected Items

**Items 1–8 (Personal pronouns):** All function as the copula in verbless predicative clauses — Hebrew has no present-tense form of "to be." The pronoun stands between subject and predicate.

**Item 7:** אָנֹכִי is the archaic/literary variant of אֲנִי. Both are 1cs; אָנֹכִי appears frequently in the Decalogue and poetic contexts.

**Items 9–11 (Near demonstrative, attributive):** Note that both the noun and the demonstrative carry the definite article: הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה. The article on הַזֶּה is not optional — attributive demonstratives must match the definiteness of the noun.

**Items 12–13 (Demonstrative, predicate):** Without the article on the demonstrative (זֶה, זֹאת), the construction means "this is the X" — a predicate nominative use of the demonstrative.

**Items 14–15 (Far demonstrative, attributive):** The forms הַהוּא and הַהִיא are simply the 3rd-person pronouns with the article prefixed. Context (and the presence of a noun they modify) distinguishes them from personal pronouns.

**Items 16–21 (Relative אֲשֶׁר):** אֲשֶׁר is always the same form regardless of the gender, number, or case of the antecedent. It is strictly indeclinable.

**Items 22–25 (Interrogative מִי / מַה):** מִי is always used for persons; מַה for things. Both are indeclinable. Item 25 מַה עָשִׂיתָ is one of the most frequent question patterns in the OT (cf. Gen 3:13; 4:10; 12:18).

---

## Reflection Questions

1. In items 1–8, why does Hebrew use an independent personal pronoun even though no verb is present? What grammatical function does the pronoun serve in each verbless clause?

2. Compare items 9 (הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה) and 12 (זֶה הָאִישׁ). What is the structural difference, and how does it change the meaning from attributive ("this man") to predicate ("this is the man")?

3. In items 16–21, אֲשֶׁר introduces relative clauses with different grammatical functions (subject, object, etc.). For each item, identify whether the antecedent functions as the *subject* or *object* within the relative clause. How would you signal a possessive relative clause in Hebrew (hint: resumptive pronoun)?
