# Ch16 Weak Form ID Drill — Qal Imperfect Weak Verbs

*For each form, identify: (a) Weak Class, (b) Person, (c) Number, (d) Gender, (e) Root.*
*Part A: forms are grouped by class. Part B: forms are mixed — identify the class first.*

---

## Part A — By Weak Class

### Group 1: III-ה (Lamed-He)

*Diagnostic: long form ends in -ֶה (seghol + he); short Jussive drops the ה.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יִבְנֶ֫ה | | | | | |
| 2 | תַּעֲשֶׂ֫ה | | | | | |
| 3 | יִהְיֶ֫ה | | | | | |
| 4 | תִּרְאֶ֫ה | | | | | |
| 5 | יִבֶּן | | | | | |

---

### Group 2: III-א (Lamed-Aleph)

*Diagnostic: form ends in silent א; preceding vowel is often qamets.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | יִמְצָא | | | | | |
| 7 | תִּקְרָא | | | | | |
| 8 | אֶמְצָא | | | | | |
| 9 | יִמְצְאוּ | | | | | |
| 10 | נִקְרָא | | | | | |

---

### Group 3: III-ח/ע (Lamed-Guttural)

*Diagnostic: long 3ms/3fs ends in patach furtive before guttural; short/wayyiqtol: closed syllable.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | יִשְׁלַ֫חַ | | | | | |
| 12 | תִּשְׁמַ֫עַ | | | | | |
| 13 | וַיִּשְׁמַע | | | | | |
| 14 | יִשְׁלְחוּ | | | | | |
| 15 | אֶשְׁמַע | | | | | |

---

### Group 4: I-Guttural (Pe-Guttural)

*Diagnostic: patach under prefix consonant (not hireq); chateph-patach under R1.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | יַעֲמֹד | | | | | |
| 17 | תַּחֲלֹם | | | | | |
| 18 | יֹאמַר | | | | | |
| 19 | תַּעַמְדוּ | | | | | |
| 20 | נַעֲמֹד | | | | | |

---

### Group 5: I-נ (Pe-Nun)

*Diagnostic: unexpected dagesh forte in R2 (the nun has assimilated); tsere or holem in root.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | יִתֵּן | | | | | |
| 22 | תִּתֵּן | | | | | |
| 23 | וַיִּתֵּן | | | | | |
| 24 | יִפֹּל | | | | | |
| 25 | תִּתְּנוּ | | | | | |

---

### Group 6: I-י (Pe-Yod)

*Diagnostic: tsere under the prefix consonant instead of hireq; R1 yod absent.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | יֵדַע | | | | | |
| 27 | תֵּשֵׁב | | | | | |
| 28 | וַיֵּלֶד | | | | | |
| 29 | יֵצֵא | | | | | |
| 30 | אֵלֵד | | | | | |

---

### Group 7: Biconsonantal (II-י/ו)

*Diagnostic: qamets under prefix consonant; no R2 consonant visible; ו or י as middle element.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | יָקוּם | | | | | |
| 32 | תָּבוֹא | | | | | |
| 33 | וַיָּבֹא | | | | | |
| 34 | יָמוּת | | | | | |
| 35 | וַיָּ֫קׇם | | | | | |

---

### Group 8: Geminate (Ayin-Doubled)

*Diagnostic: dagesh forte in R2 (= R3); or short contracted form with qamets prefix.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | יָסֹב | | | | | |
| 37 | יִסֹּב | | | | | |
| 38 | וַיָּ֫סׇּב | | | | | |
| 39 | תָּסֹב | | | | | |
| 40 | יִסֹּבּוּ | | | | | |

---

## Part B — Mixed Forms

*Identify the weak class first, then parse the form completely.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | וַיָּ֣קׇם | | | | | |
| 42 | יִבְנֶ֫ה | | | | | |
| 43 | יִתֵּן | | | | | |
| 44 | יַעֲשֶׂ֫ה | | | | | |
| 45 | תֵּדַע | | | | | |
| 46 | וַיִּשְׁמַע | | | | | |
| 47 | יִמְצָא | | | | | |
| 48 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | | | | | |
| 49 | תִּתֵּן | | | | | |
| 50 | יֵצֵא | | | | | |

---

## Answer Key

### Part A

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יִבְנֶ֫ה | III-ה | 3 | s | m | בָּנָה | Seghol-he ending; long form |
| 2 | תַּעֲשֶׂ֫ה | III-ה | 3/2 | s | f/m | עָשָׂה | I-gutt. (ע) also; chateph prefix |
| 3 | יִהְיֶ֫ה | III-ה | 3 | s | m | הָיָה | Most common III-ה Imperfect |
| 4 | תִּרְאֶ֫ה | III-ה | 3/2 | s | f/m | רָאָה | III-ה + I-gutt. (ר light); seghol-he |
| 5 | יִבֶּן | III-ה | 3 | s | m | בָּנָה | Short Jussive; ה dropped, vowel shortens to seghol |
| 6 | יִמְצָא | III-א | 3 | s | m | מָצָא | Silent aleph; preceding qamets |
| 7 | תִּקְרָא | III-א | 3/2 | s | f/m | קָרָא | Silent aleph; qamets before א |
| 8 | אֶמְצָא | III-א | 1 | s | c | מָצָא | 1cs prefix (aleph) + silent final aleph |
| 9 | יִמְצְאוּ | III-א | 3 | p | m | מָצָא | 3mp -וּ suffix; aleph visible |
| 10 | נִקְרָא | III-א | 1 | p | c | קָרָא | 1cp nun prefix; qamets-aleph ending |
| 11 | יִשְׁלַ֫חַ | III-ח | 3 | s | m | שָׁלַח | Patach furtive before ח; long form |
| 12 | תִּשְׁמַ֫עַ | III-ע | 3/2 | s | f/m | שָׁמַע | Patach furtive before ע; long form |
| 13 | וַיִּשְׁמַע | III-ע | 3 | s | m | שָׁמַע | Wayyiqtol short form; no furtive; syllable closed |
| 14 | יִשְׁלְחוּ | III-ח | 3 | p | m | שָׁלַח | 3mp; no furtive before suffix |
| 15 | אֶשְׁמַע | III-ע | 1 | s | c | שָׁמַע | 1cs; B-class patach; guttural at R3 closes syllable |
| 16 | יַעֲמֹד | I-gutt. | 3 | s | m | עָמַד | Patach prefix; chateph-patach under ע |
| 17 | תַּחֲלֹם | I-gutt. | 3/2 | s | f/m | חָלַם | Patach prefix; chateph under ח |
| 18 | יֹאמַר | I-gutt. (א) | 3 | s | m | אָמַר | Holem prefix (special for aleph); must memorize |
| 19 | תַּעַמְדוּ | I-gutt. | 2 | p | m | עָמַד | Patach prefix; chateph resolves before suffix |
| 20 | נַעֲמֹד | I-gutt. | 1 | p | c | עָמַד | 1cp nun prefix + patach/chateph pattern |
| 21 | יִתֵּן | I-נ | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | Nun assimilated → dagesh forte in ת; tsere |
| 22 | תִּתֵּן | I-נ | 3/2 | s | f/m | נָתַן | Same assimilation pattern |
| 23 | וַיִּתֵּן | I-נ | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | Wayyiqtol; dagesh in ת still present |
| 24 | יִפֹּל | I-נ | 3 | s | m | נָפַל | Nun assimilation → dagesh in פ; holem |
| 25 | תִּתְּנוּ | I-נ | 2 | p | m | נָתַן | Dagesh in ת; reduced vowel before plural suffix |
| 26 | יֵדַע | I-י | 3 | s | m | יָדַע | Tsere prefix (not hireq); yod R1 absent |
| 27 | תֵּשֵׁב | I-י | 3/2 | s | f/m | יָשַׁב | Tsere prefix; tsere under R2 (seghol class) |
| 28 | וַיֵּלֶד | I-י | 3 | s | m | יָלַד | Wayyiqtol; tsere prefix + waw-consecutive |
| 29 | יֵצֵא | I-י | 3 | s | m | יָצָא | Tsere prefix; III-א also in play (aleph at R3) |
| 30 | אֵלֵד | I-י | 1 | s | c | יָלַד | 1cs; aleph prefix takes tsere (not seghol) |
| 31 | יָקוּם | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | קוּם | Qamets under prefix; shureq as middle vowel |
| 32 | תָּבוֹא | Biconsonantal | 3/2 | s | f/m | בּוֹא | Qamets prefix; holem-vav as middle vowel |
| 33 | וַיָּבֹא | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | בּוֹא | Wayyiqtol; qamets under prefix |
| 34 | יָמוּת | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | מוּת | Qamets prefix; shureq middle; stative sense |
| 35 | וַיָּ֫קׇם | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | קוּם | Wayyiqtol; short form — qamets hatuf in root syllable |
| 36 | יָסֹב | Geminate | 3 | s | m | סָבַב | Qamets prefix; holem; R2=R3 (dagesh may be absorbed) |
| 37 | יִסֹּב | Geminate | 3 | s | m | סָבַב | Hireq prefix + holem + dagesh forte in ב (R2=R3) |
| 38 | וַיָּ֫סׇּב | Geminate | 3 | s | m | סָבַב | Wayyiqtol; qamets prefix + dagesh forte in root |
| 39 | תָּסֹב | Geminate | 3/2 | s | f/m | סָבַב | Qamets prefix; holem; same as יָסֹב pattern |
| 40 | יִסֹּבּוּ | Geminate | 3 | p | m | סָבַב | 3mp; dagesh forte in ב; -וּ suffix |

### Part B

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | וַיָּ֣קׇם | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | קוּם | Gen 22:3 — Abraham arising |
| 42 | יִבְנֶ֫ה | III-ה | 3 | s | m | בָּנָה | Long Imperfect; seghol-he ending |
| 43 | יִתֵּן | I-נ | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | Dagesh in ת from assimilated nun |
| 44 | יַעֲשֶׂ֫ה | III-ה | 3 | s | m | עָשָׂה | III-ה + I-gutt. ע (chateph prefix) |
| 45 | תֵּדַע | I-י | 3/2 | s | f/m | יָדַע | Tsere prefix; I-י diagnostic |
| 46 | וַיִּשְׁמַע | III-ע | 3 | s | m | שָׁמַע | III-guttural wayyiqtol (no furtive) |
| 47 | יִמְצָא | III-א | 3 | s | m | מָצָא | Silent aleph; qamets |
| 48 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | Biconsonantal | 3 | p | m | בּוֹא | Wayyiqtol 3mp; qamets + -וּ |
| 49 | תִּתֵּן | I-נ | 3/2 | s | f/m | נָתַן | Dagesh in ת; same assimilation pattern |
| 50 | יֵצֵא | I-י | 3 | s | m | יָצָא | Tsere prefix; I-י (+ III-א at R3) |

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## Discussion Questions

1. **Biconsonantal vs. Geminate:** Both classes can show qamets under the prefix consonant (יָסֹב / יָקוּם). What distinguishes them? What additional information do you need to tell them apart?

2. **I-נ in Perfect vs. Imperfect:** Why is I-נ essentially invisible in the Perfect (Ch14) but produces a dramatic change in the Imperfect? What is happening phonologically?

3. **The III-ה Jussive:** How does a III-ה Jussive form (e.g. יִבֶּן) differ from the long Imperfect (יִבְנֶה)? What changes, and why does this matter for reading narrative?

4. **I-י prefix pattern:** Why does I-י show tsere under the prefix consonant instead of hireq? Trace what happens to the yod at R1 when the imperfect prefix is added.

5. **Wayyiqtol identification:** What morphological feature is shared by *all* wayyiqtol forms across all weak classes? How does recognizing this feature help you identify a wayyiqtol even in an unfamiliar weak root?
