# Chapter 31 — Stem Identification Drill (Weak Roots)

BBH Chapter 31 · Piel Weak Verbs

For each form, identify the Stem (Qal / Niphal / Hiphil / Piel), Conjugation, PGN (where applicable), and Root. Type your answers in the fields, then click ▶ Answer to check.

Stem | Key Marker
--- | ---
Qal | No prefix; basic vowel pattern; no dagesh in R2; III-ה ends in ָה (qamets-he, no dagesh)
Niphal | נִ prefix (perfect) or assimilated dagesh in R1 (imperfect); III-ה ends in ָה with chirik–qamets
Hiphil | הִ prefix (perfect); יַ/תַ prefix (imperfect); III-ה lacks chirik-yod but keeps patach prefix
Piel | Dagesh in R2 (or virtual doubling for gutturals); shewa prefix in imperfect; מְ prefix in participle; III-ה ends in ָּה (qamets + dagesh-he)

I-Guttural tip: Gutturals (ב, ח, ע, etc.) reject dagesh. For Piel, look instead for compensatory lengthening — the vowel before R2 is longer than expected (e.g., qamets instead of chirik, tsere instead of segol).
III-ה tip: Compare the ending — Qal/Hiphil perfect 3ms = ָה; Piel/Niphal perfect 3ms = ָּה (with dagesh or marks of Piel); Piel imperative/participle shows dagesh in R2 before the ה ending.

# | Hebrew | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | בֵּרַךְ |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · ברך — I-guttural ב: virtual dagesh (tsere lengthened before R2 rather than dagesh added); chirik–patach vowels signal Piel perfect
2 | בָּרַךְ |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · ברך — Qamets–patach = standard Qal perfect; no dagesh in R2
3 | גִּלָּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · גלה — Dagesh in ל (R2) + III-ה contraction: ends in ָּה (qamets + dagesh-he); chirik under ג
4 | גָּלָה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · גלה — No dagesh in ל; qamets–qamets-he (no dagesh before he) = Qal III-ה perfect 3ms
5 | נִגְלָה |  |  |  |  |
Niphal · Perfect · 3ms · גלה — נִ prefix + qamets under ל + III-ה ending = Niphal III-ה perfect 3ms
6 | הִגְלָה |  |  |  |  |
Hiphil · Perfect · 3ms · גלה — הִ prefix + III-ה contraction: qamets under ל (no chirik-yod; III-ה root contracts instead) = Hiphil III-ה perfect 3ms
7 | צִוָּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · צוה — III-ה root; dagesh in וּ (R2); chirik under צ; ends in ָּה = Piel perfect. Root צוה has waw as R2 (medial consonant)
8 | חִזֵּק |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Perfect · 3ms · חזק — Guttural ח at R1; dagesh in ז (R2 is not guttural, so it can take dagesh); chirik–tsere = Piel perfect
9 | חָזַק |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Perfect · 3ms · חזק — No dagesh in ז; qamets–patach = Qal perfect; ח guttural at R1 takes qamets (a-class vowel)
10 | יְבָרֵךְ |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperfect · 3ms · ברך — Shewa under יְ (Piel prefix) + compensatory qamets (I-guttural effect) + tsere = Piel imperfect with virtual-dagesh lengthening
11 | יְצַוֶּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperfect · 3ms · צוה — Shewa prefix + dagesh in וּ + III-ה ending (tsere-yod pattern) = Piel imperfect of III-ה root
12 | יִגְלֶה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Imperfect · 3ms · גלה — Chirik under יִ; no dagesh in ג; segol + III-ה he = Qal III-ה imperfect
13 | יִגָּלֶה |  |  |  |  |
Niphal · Imperfect · 3ms · גלה — Chirik prefix + dagesh in ג (assimilated נ) + qamets–segol = Niphal III-ה imperfect
14 | יְגַלֶּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperfect · 3ms · גלה — Shewa under יְ (Piel prefix); dagesh in ל (R2); segol + he = Piel III-ה imperfect
15 | יַגְלֶה |  |  |  |  |
Hiphil · Imperfect · 3ms · גלה — Patach under יַ (Hiphil imperfect prefix); no dagesh in ל; segol + he = Hiphil III-ה imperfect
16 | וַיְבָרֶךְ |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · ברך — Waw + shewa under יְ (no dagesh in י = Piel wayyiqtol) + compensatory lengthening (qamets) + segol. Compare Qal wayyiqtol which has dagesh in יּ
17 | וַיְצַו |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · צוה — Waw + shewa under יְ + patach + וּ (III-ה root: ה drops in wayyiqtol) = Piel wayyiqtol of III-ה root
18 | וַיִּגֶּל |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · גלה — Dagesh in יּ (wayyiqtol marker) + dagesh in ג (apocope of III-ה in wayyiqtol) = Qal wayyiqtol; ה of III-ה root dropped
19 | בָּרֵךְ |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperative · 2ms · ברך — Qamets + tsere; no prefix; I-guttural: ב takes virtual dagesh (lengthened vowel before R2 instead of dagesh). Piel imperative pattern
20 | גַּל |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Imperative · 2ms · גלה — Apocopated form (III-ה ה drops); patach under ג + ל = Qal imperative of III-ה root
21 | גַּלֵּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Imperative · 2ms · גלה — Patach + dagesh in ל (R2) + tsere + he = Piel imperative of III-ה. Compare Qal #20 (גַּל) which is apocopated
22 | מְבָרֵךְ |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Participle · ms · ברך — מְ prefix + compensatory qamets (I-guttural virtual dagesh) + tsere = Piel active participle
23 | מְגַלֶּה |  |  |  |  |
Piel · Participle · ms · גלה — מְ prefix + dagesh in ל (R2) + segol + he = Piel participle of III-ה root
24 | גֹּלֶה |  |  |  |  |
Qal · Participle · ms · גלה — Holem under ג; no מ prefix; segol + he = Qal active participle of III-ה root. Compare Piel #23 (מְגַלֶּה) which has the מְ prefix and dagesh in ל