# Chapter 32 — Pual Function Sort

BBH Chapter 32 · Pual Strong Verbs

The Pual is always the passive of the Piel. For each of the 20 Pual forms: (1) give the Piel active meaning; (2) translate the Pual passive form.

Pual diagnostic: Qibbuts (ֻ) or holem (ֹ) under R1 + Dagesh Forte in R2.
Note: When R2 is a guttural (ר, ח, ע, etc.), dagesh forte is rejected and the preceding vowel lengthens — qibbuts → holem (e.g., בֹּרַךְ not בֻּרַּךְ).

# | Form | Root | Conjugation | Piel Active Meaning | Pual Passive Translation |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | קֻטַּל | קטל | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to kill (intensively) | Pual passive: he was killed · Paradigm form; qibbuts under ק + dagesh in ט
2 | כֻּבַּד | כבד | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to honor | Pual passive: he was honored · Qibbuts under כ + dagesh in ב
3 | בֹּרַךְ | ברך | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to bless | Pual passive: he was blessed · ר rejects dagesh; qibbuts lengthens to holem → בֹּרַךְ
4 | שֻׁלַּח | שׁלח | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to send away / release | Pual passive: he was sent away · Qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh in ל
5 | דֻּבַּר | דבר | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to speak | Pual passive: it was spoken · Qibbuts under ד + dagesh in ב; ר at end = no issue
6 | שֻׁמַּר | שׁמר | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to guard / watch | Pual passive: he was guarded · Qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh in מ
7 | גֹּרַשׁ | גרשׁ | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to drive out / expel | Pual passive: he was driven out · ר rejects dagesh; qibbuts lengthens to holem → גֹּרַשׁ
8 | סֻפַּר | ספר | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to recount / tell | Pual passive: it was told / recounted · Qibbuts under ס + dagesh in פ
9 | כֻּסָּה | כסה | Perfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to cover | Pual passive: it was covered · III-ה root; qibbuts under כ + dagesh in ס; final ה quiesces
10 | יְקֻטַּל | קטל | Imperfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to kill | Pual passive: he will be killed · Pual imperfect prefix יְ + qibbuts under R1 + dagesh in R2
11 | יְבֹרַךְ | ברך | Imperfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to bless | Pual passive: he will be blessed · ר rejects dagesh; holem under ב in imperfect
12 | יְשֻׁלַּח | שׁלח | Imperfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to send / release | Pual passive: he will be sent · Prefix יְ + qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh in ל
13 | יְכֻבַּד | כבד | Imperfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to honor | Pual passive: he will be honored · Prefix יְ + qibbuts under כ + dagesh in ב
14 | יְסֻפַּר | ספר | Imperfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to recount / tell | Pual passive: it will be told · Prefix יְ + qibbuts under ס + dagesh in פ
15 | יְגֹרַשׁ | גרשׁ | Imperfect 3ms |  |  |
Piel active: to drive out | Pual passive: he will be driven out · ר rejects dagesh; holem under ג in imperfect
16 | מְקֻטָּל | קטל | Participle ms |  |  |
Piel active: to kill | Pual passive: one being killed · Pual participle: מְ prefix + qibbuts under R1 + qamets under R2
17 | מְבֹרָךְ | ברך | Participle ms |  |  |
Piel active: to bless | Pual passive: one being blessed · ר rejects dagesh; holem under ב; qamets under ר
18 | מְשֻׁלָּח | שׁלח | Participle ms |  |  |
Piel active: to send / release | Pual passive: one being sent · מְ prefix + qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh + qamets in ל
19 | כֻּבְּדוּ | כבד | Perfect 3cp |  |  |
Piel active: to honor | Pual passive: they were honored · 3cp suffix וּ; shewa under ב (vowel reduces before vocalic suffix)
20 | שֻׁלְּחוּ | שׁלח | Perfect 3cp |  |  |
Piel active: to send away | Pual passive: they were sent away · 3cp suffix וּ; shewa under ל before vocalic suffix

Pattern summary:
Perfect 3ms: qibbuts/holem under R1 + dagesh + patach in R2 (e.g., קֻטַּל, בֹּרַךְ)
Imperfect 3ms: יְ prefix + same pattern (e.g., יְקֻטַּל, יְבֹרַךְ)
Participle ms: מְ prefix + qibbuts/holem under R1 + dagesh + qamets in R2 (e.g., מְקֻטָּל, מְבֹרָךְ)
Perfect 3cp: qibbuts under R1 + shewa in R2 + וּ suffix (e.g., כֻּבְּדוּ, שֻׁלְּחוּ)