# Hiphil Weak Verbs — Biconsonantal (II-י/ו) Paradigms

Full conjugation tables for Biconsonantal roots in the Hiphil stem.
Representative roots: קוּם (to rise → Hiphil: raise up, establish) and שִׂים (to put → Hiphil: set, place).
Each section shows the strong root (קטל) alongside the weak paradigm for direct comparison.
Attested forms drawn from MACULA Hebrew WLC.

## Overview of the Class

Biconsonantal roots (also called Hollow roots or II-י/ו) have only two true consonants, with a medial long vowel letter (ו for roots like קוּם; י for roots like שִׂים/שׁוּם). In the Hiphil, these roots take הֵ- (tsere under ה) as the perfect prefix, and the medial vowel letter appears in the perfect. In the imperfect, the prefix vowel shifts to qamets (qamets under יָ/תָּ) — distinctive and diagnostic. The key to this class: once you see הֵ- in the perfect or יָ- in the imperfect, you know you have a biconsonantal Hiphil.

## Perfect (Qatal)

### The Pattern

The strong Hiphil perfect prefix is הִ (hiriq). For biconsonantal roots: הֵ (tsere under ה). The root's medial vowel chiriq (יִ/יִ from the ו/י of the root) appears after R1: הֵקִים (R1=ק, medial chiriq, R2=מ). The characteristic Hiphil chiriq-yod is absent; instead the root's medial vowel governs the syllable.

Person | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | הִקְטִיל | הֵקִים | הֵשִׂים
3fs | הִקְטִילָה | הֵקִימָה | הֵשִׂימָה
3cp | הִקְטִילוּ | הֵקִימוּ | הֵשִׂימוּ
2ms | הִקְטַלְתָּ | הֲקִימֹתָ | הֲשִׂימֹתָ
2fs | הִקְטַלְתְּ | הֲקִימֹת | הֲשִׂימֹת
2mp | הִקְטַלְתֶּם | הֲקִימֹתֶם | הֲשִׂימֹתֶם
2fp | הִקְטַלְתֶּן | הֲקִימֹתֶן | הֲשִׂימֹתֶן
1cs | הִקְטַלְתִּי | הֲקִימֹתִי | הֲשִׂימֹתִי
1cp | הִקְטַלְנוּ | הֲקִימֹנוּ | הֲשִׂימֹנוּ

> Key: 3ms: הֵ prefix (tsere) + chiriq + medial vowel letter + R3. Suffixed forms (2ms, 1cs): hateph-patach under הֲ; chiriq + ים/ות base.

Attested passages:
- הֵקִים (Gen 6:18) — "I will establish my covenant with you"
- הֵקִימוּ (Josh 4:20) — "those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, Joshua set up at Gilgal"
- הֲקִימֹתִי (Gen 17:19) — "I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant"
- הֵשִׂים (Gen 45:9) — "God has made me lord of all Egypt"

## Imperfect (Yiqtol)

### The Pattern

The strong Hiphil imperfect prefix is יַ (patach). For biconsonantal roots: יָ (qamets). This is a strong diagnostic. The medial chiriq-yod appears after R1: יָקִים, יָשִׂים. There is no separate syllable for the Hiphil characteristic vowel — the root's own structure carries the medial vowel.

Person | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יַקְטִיל | יָקִים | יָשִׂים
3fs | תַּקְטִיל | תָּקִים | תָּשִׂים
3mp | יַקְטִילוּ | יָקִימוּ | יָשִׂימוּ
3fp | תַּקְטֵלְנָה | תָּקֵמְנָה | תָּשֵׂמְנָה
2ms | תַּקְטִיל | תָּקִים | תָּשִׂים
2fs | תַּקְטִילִי | תָּקִימִי | תָּשִׂימִי
2mp | תַּקְטִילוּ | תָּקִימוּ | תָּשִׂימוּ
2fp | תַּקְטֵלְנָה | תָּקֵמְנָה | תָּשֵׂמְנָה
1cs | אַקְטִיל | אָקִים | אָשִׂים
1cp | נַקְטִיל | נָקִים | נָשִׂים

> Key: Qamets (יָ/תָּ/אָ/נָ) under prefix consonant — not the usual patach of the strong Hiphil imperfect. This single marker identifies the biconsonantal Hiphil.

Attested passages:
- יָקִים (Deu 18:15) — "the LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me"
- יָקִים (Deu 18:18) — "I will raise up for them a prophet like you"
- אָקִים (Lev 26:9) — "I will turn to you and make you fruitful … and will confirm my covenant with you"
- תָּקִים (Exo 40:2) — "on the first day of the first month you shall erect the tabernacle"

## Wayyiqtol

### The Pattern

The strong Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms is וַיַּקְטֵל (patach + tsere final). For biconsonantal roots: וַיָּ (dagesh forte in יּ; qamets under it) + short seghol final (apocopated form): וַיָּקֶם, וַיָּשֶׂם.

Person | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | וַיַּקְטֵל | וַיָּקֶם | וַיָּשֶׂם
3fs | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתָּקֶם | וַתָּשֶׂם
3mp | וַיַּקְטִילוּ | וַיָּקִימוּ | וַיָּשִׂימוּ
2ms | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתָּקֶם | וַתָּשֶׂם
1cs | וָאַקְטֵל | וָאָקֶם | וָאָשֶׂם

> Key: Qamets under prefix consonant + apocopated seghol final in 3ms/3fs — the wayyiqtol shortens to the minimum form. Compare: strong וַיַּקְטֵל vs. biconsonantal וַיָּקֶם.

Attested passages:
- וַיָּקֶם (Gen 23:20) — "the field and the cave that is in it were made over to Abraham as property for a burying place" (Qal context; Hiphil וַיָּקֶם = "he established/set up")
- וַיָּשֶׂם (Gen 2:8) — "there he put the man whom he had formed"

## Weqatal

### The Pattern

Weqatal = וְ + perfect. הֵ prefix pattern throughout.

Person | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | וְהִקְטִיל | וְהֵקִים | וְהֵשִׂים
2ms | וְהִקְטַלְתָּ | וַהֲקִימֹתָ | וַהֲשִׂימֹתָ
1cs | וְהִקְטַלְתִּי | וַהֲקִימֹתִי | וַהֲשִׂימֹתִי

## Imperative

### The Pattern

Strong Hiphil imperative 2ms: הַקְטֵל. For biconsonantal: הָקֵם / הָשֵׂם (qamets under הָ + tsere final — the same vowel shift as the imperfect, but in the prefix position).

Form | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
2ms | הַקְטֵל | הָקֵם | הָשֵׂם
2fs | הַקְטִילִי | הָקִימִי | הָשִׂימִי
2mp | הַקְטִילוּ | הָקִימוּ | הָשִׂימוּ
2fp | הַקְטֵלְנָה | הָקֵמְנָה | הָשֵׂמְנָה

> Key: הָ prefix (qamets) — not הַ (patach); tsere in 2ms; identifies biconsonantal Hiphil imperative.

Attested passages:
- הָקֵם (Exo 40:2) — "on the first day of the first month you shall set up the tabernacle of the tent of meeting"
- הָקִימוּ (Josh 4:3) — "take twelve stones … and set them down in the place where you lodge tonight"

## Infinitive Construct

### The Pattern

Strong Hiphil inf. construct: הַקְטִיל. For biconsonantal: הָקִים / הָשִׂים (qamets under הָ + chiriq-yod medial).

Form | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
Base | הַקְטִיל | הָקִים | הָשִׂים
With לְ | לְהַקְטִיל | לְהָקִים | לְהָשִׂים
With בְּ | בְּהַקְטִיל | בְּהָקִים | בְּהָשִׂים

> Key: הָ prefix (qamets); chiriq-yod medial vowel. Nearly identical to the imperative 2fs/2mp forms — preposition prefix context identifies as inf. construct.

Attested passages:
- לְהָקִים (Gen 6:18) — "but I will establish my covenant with you"
- לְהָשִׂים (†) — expected form

## Infinitive Absolute

### The Pattern

הָקֵם / הָשֵׂם (qamets + tsere final).

Form | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
Standard | הַקְטֵל | הָקֵם | הָשֵׂם

> Key: Identical to the imperative 2ms; context identifies (precedes or follows a finite verb for emphasis).

## Participle

### The Pattern

Strong Hiphil participle ms: מַקְטִיל. For biconsonantal: מֵקִים / מֵשִׂים (מֵ prefix — tsere under מ — + chiriq-yod medial). The מֵ prefix is unique to the biconsonantal participle.

Form | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Biconsonantal (שׂים)
--- | --- | --- | ---
ms | מַקְטִיל | מֵקִים | מֵשִׂים
fs | מַקְטֶלֶת | מְקִימָה | מְשִׂימָה
mp | מַקְטִילִים | מְקִימִים | מְשִׂימִים
fp | מַקְטִילוֹת | מְקִימוֹת | מְשִׂימוֹת

> Key: מֵ prefix (tsere) in the ms — not מַ (patach) of the strong Hiphil. Plural/feminine forms reduce to shewa under מְ.

Attested passages:
- מֵקִים (1 Sam 2:8) — "he raises up the poor from the dust; he lifts the needy from the ash heap"
- מֵשִׂים (†) — expected form

## Summary — Biconsonantal Hiphil at a Glance

Conjugation | Strong (קטל) | Biconsonantal (קום) | Key feature
--- | --- | --- | ---
Perfect | הִקְטִיל | הֵקִים | הֵ prefix (tsere) instead of הִ
Imperfect | יַקְטִיל | יָקִים | Qamets under prefix consonant (יָ/תָּ)
Wayyiqtol | וַיַּקְטֵל | וַיָּקֶם | Qamets prefix + apocopated seghol final
Weqatal | וְהִקְטִיל | וְהֵקִים | וְ + הֵ prefix
Imperative | הַקְטֵל | הָקֵם | הָ prefix (qamets); tsere 2ms
Inf. Construct | הַקְטִיל | הָקִים | הָ + chiriq-yod; same shape as imperative 2fs
Inf. Absolute | הַקְטֵל | הָקֵם | Same as imperative 2ms
Participle | מַקְטִיל | מֵקִים | מֵ prefix (tsere) in ms; מְ in pl/fs