# Chapter 19 — Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Parsing Drill

For each form: (a) Base conjugation, (b) Base PGN, (c) Root, (d) Suffix PGN, (e) Full gloss. Click ▶ Answer to reveal.

Suffix quick reference: נִי = 1cs (me) · ךָ = 2ms (you) · ךְ = 2fs (you) · הוּ/וֹ = 3ms (him/it) · הָ = 3fs (her/it) · נוּ = 1cp (us) · כֶם = 2mp · הֶם/ם = 3mp (them)
Energic nun: Before some suffixes in the imperfect, a doubled נּ appears as a buffer (יִשְׁמְרֶ֥נּוּ = he will keep him).

## Part A — Perfect + Suffix

# | Form | Base Conj. | Base PGN | Root | Suffix PGN | Full Gloss |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | שְׁמָרַ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 3ms · שמר · 1cs · "he kept me" — connecting vowel qamets before נִי
2 | שְׁמָרוֹ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 3ms · שמר · 3ms · "he kept him" — short form וֹ (holem-waw)
3 | שְׁמָרָ֥נוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 3ms · שמר · 1cp · "he kept us" — qamets connecting vowel before נוּ
4 | שְׁמַרְתַּ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 2ms · שמר · 1cs · "you kept me" — 2ms perfect (תַּ) + 1cs suffix
5 | שְׁמַרְתִּ֥יהוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 1cs · שמר · 3ms · "I kept him" — 1cs perfect (תִּי) + 3ms suffix (הוּ)
6 | שְׁלָחַ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 3ms · שלח · 1cs · "he sent me" — Gen 45:5; Joseph's theological statement; God as subject
7 | נְתָנַ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 3ms · נתן · 1cs · "he gave me" — I-נ; dagesh in first נ; connecting vowel + 1cs suffix
8 | עֲזָבַ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Perfect · 3ms · עזב · 1cs · "he forsook me" — Psa 22:2; "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" — also Isa 49:14

## Part B — Imperfect + Suffix (Energic Nun)

Energic nun: The imperfect uses a doubled nun (נּ with dagesh) before 3ms suffix: יִשְׁמְרֶ֥נּוּ = he will keep him. Without dagesh: יִשְׁמְרֵ֥נוּ = he will keep us.

# | Form | Base Conj. | Base PGN | Root | Suffix PGN | Energic Nun? | Full Gloss |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
9 | יִשְׁמְרֵ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 3ms · שמר · 1cs · No · "he will keep me"
10 | יִשְׁמְרֶ֥נּוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 3ms · שמר · 3ms · Yes (נּ dagesh) · "he will keep him" — energic nun + 3ms suffix; note seghol before doubled nun
11 | יִשְׁמְרֵ֥נוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 3ms · שמר · 1cp · No · "he will keep us" — 1cp suffix נוּ; no energic doubling; compare carefully with row 10
12 | תִּשְׁמְרֵ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 2ms or 3fs · שמר · 1cs · No · "you will keep me / she will keep me" — context determines 2ms vs. 3fs
13 | יִמְצָאֵ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 3ms · מצא · 1cs · No · "he will find me" — III-א; aleph quiesces at R3
14 | יִשְׁלָחֶ֥נּוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 3ms · שלח · 3ms · Yes · "he will send him" — energic nun (נּ) + 3ms suffix
15 | יִרְאֶ֥נּוּ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperfect · 3ms · ראה · 3ms · Yes · "he will see him" — III-ה; ה drops; energic nun (נּ) + 3ms suffix

## Part C — Imperative and Wayyiqtol + Suffix

# | Form | Base Conj. | Base PGN | Root | Suffix PGN | Full Gloss |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
16 | שָׁמְרֵ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Imperative · 2ms · שמר · 1cs · "Keep me!" — classic prayer address; Psa 16:1 שָׁמְרֵ֥נִי אֵ֑ל
17 | וַיִּשְׁמְרֵ֥הוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שמר · 3ms · "and he kept him" — narrative; same suffix pattern as imperfect
18 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֥הוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שלח · 3ms · "and he sent him" — frequent in Genesis narrative (Jacob sent Joseph)
19 | וַיַּרְאֵ֥הוּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Wayyiqtol · 3ms · ראה · 3ms · "and he showed him / saw him" — III-ה Wayyiqtol + 3ms suffix; ה drops
20 | שַׁלְּחֵ֥נִי |  |  |  |  |  |
Piel Imperative · 2ms · שלח · 1cs · "Send me!" — Isa 6:8 Isaiah's response; Piel intensive + 1cs suffix

## Part D — Infinitive Construct + Suffix

Critical rule: Suffix on the Infinitive Construct = subject of the action, NOT direct object. כְּ/שָׁמְר/וֹ = "when he kept" (he is the subject/actor). This is the opposite of the verb suffix rule.

# | Form | Base Conj. | Root | Suffix PGN | Suffix Role | Full Gloss |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
21 | בְּ/שָׁמְר/וֹ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Inf.Const. · שמר · 3ms · Subject · "when he kept / in his keeping" — בְּ + Inf.Const. + 3ms subject suffix = temporal clause
22 | כִּ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ/וֹ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Inf.Const. · שמע · 3ms · Subject · "when he heard" — כְּ + Inf.Const. temporal; very common narrative formula
23 | בְּ/רֹאֹת/וֹ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Inf.Const. · ראה · 3ms · Subject · "when he saw" — III-ה Inf.Const. (רְאוֹת/רֹאת) + בְּ + 3ms
24 | לְ/אָהֳבָ֥/הּ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Inf.Const. · אהב · 3fs · Subject or Object (ambiguous) · "to love her / for her to love" — לְ + Inf.Const. + 3fs; context required
25 | כְּ/צֵאת/וֹ |  |  |  |  |  |
Qal Inf.Const. · יצא · 3ms · Subject · "when he went out" — I-י Inf.Const. (צֵאת) + כְּ + 3ms; "as he went out"