# Chapter 27 — Qal–Hiphil Contrast Drill (Weak Verbs)

*BBH Chapter 27 · Hiphil Weak Verbs*

---

## Instructions

Each item below gives you a root with its **Qal meaning** and an attested **Hiphil form** from the OT. For each item:

1. **Translate** the Hiphil form into English.
2. **Name the semantic function** (Causative / Declarative / Factitive / Simple Action).
3. **Explain in one sentence** *why* the Hiphil meaning follows from the Qal meaning (or why it doesn't).

The answer key is at the bottom.

---

## Part A — I-י / I-נ Weak Roots

| # | Root | Qal Meaning | Hiphil Form | Conj | Ref | Translation | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יָדַע | to know | הוֹדִיעַ | Perfect 3ms | Deu 4:9 | | |
| 2 | יָצָא | to go out | הוֹצִיא | Perfect 3ms | Gen 15:7 | | |
| 3 | יָשַׁב | to sit, dwell | הוֹשִׁיב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 47:11 | | |
| 4 | נָפַל | to fall | הִפִּיל | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 2:21 | | |
| 5 | נָגַשׁ | to draw near | הִגִּישׁ | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 43:31 | | |

---

## Part B — Hollow Roots (I/II-ו/י)

| # | Root | Qal Meaning | Hiphil Form | Conj | Ref | Translation | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | בּוֹא | to come, go in | הֵבִיא | Perfect 3ms | Gen 43:17 | | |
| 7 | שׁוּב | to return | הֵשִׁיב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 42:25 | | |
| 8 | קוּם | to rise, stand | הֵקִים | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 6:18 | | |
| 9 | מוּת | to die | יָמִית | Imperfect 3ms | Deu 17:12 | | |
| 10 | שִׂים | to set, put | יָשִׂים | Imperfect 3ms | Gen 24:2 | | |

---

## Part C — III-ה Weak Roots

| # | Root | Qal Meaning | Hiphil Form | Conj | Ref | Translation | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | עָלָה | to go up | הֶעֱלָה | Perfect 3ms | Gen 46:4 | | |
| 12 | רָאָה | to see | הֶרְאָה | Perfect 3ms | Deu 34:1 | | |
| 13 | הָיָה | to be | יֶהְיֶה | Imperfect 3ms | — | | |
| 14 | נָטָה | to stretch out, extend | הִטָּה | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Exo 10:13 | | |
| 15 | גָּלָה | to uncover, go into exile | הִגְלָה | Perfect 3ms | 2 Kgs 17:6 | | |

---

## Discussion Questions

1. In Part A, the I-י roots (יָדַע, יָצָא, יָשַׁב) all use הוֹ– as the Hiphil prefix. What happens to the initial י? Describe the contraction in one sentence.
2. Items 8 (קוּם) and 9 (מוּת) are both hollow roots. Item 8 is Causative, item 9 is Causative. Can a hollow root ever produce a Factitive or Declarative Hiphil? Give a reason for your answer.
3. Compare items 11 (עָלָה) in Ch26's exercise and item 11 here. Both use the same root, but item 11 here is a Perfect rather than Imperative. Does the weak-root form change your ability to recognize it as Hiphil?

---

## Answer Key

### Part A

| # | Root | Hiphil Meaning | Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יָדַע | he made known / he declared | Causative | Causing others to know; Qal = to know |
| 2 | יָצָא | he brought out | Causative | God caused Abraham to exit Ur; Qal = go out |
| 3 | יָשַׁב | he settled them (in the land) | Causative | Joseph caused his family to dwell; Qal = to sit/dwell |
| 4 | נָפַל | he caused to fall / he cast down | Causative | God caused deep sleep to fall on Adam; Qal = fall |
| 5 | נָגַשׁ | he brought near / set before | Causative | Joseph caused food/the bowl to be set before them; Qal = draw near |

### Part B

| # | Root | Hiphil Meaning | Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | בּוֹא | he brought | Causative | Joseph's brothers were brought to Egypt; Qal = come |
| 7 | שׁוּב | he gave back / he returned (it) | Causative | Joseph caused the silver to return; Qal = return |
| 8 | קוּם | he established / he confirmed | Causative | God caused the covenant to stand/be established; Qal = rise |
| 9 | מוּת | he will put to death | Causative | Causing death; Qal = die |
| 10 | שִׂים | he will put / place | Simple Action | In Hiphil context = set/place; often treated as primary usage |

### Part C

| # | Root | Hiphil Meaning | Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | עָלָה | he brought up | Causative | God caused Jacob to go up to Egypt; Qal = go up |
| 12 | רָאָה | he showed | Causative | Moses was caused to see the land; Qal = see |
| 13 | הָיָה | it will be / it will come about | Simple Action | III-ה root; Hiphil rare; context determines; Qal = be |
| 14 | נָטָה | he stretched out | Causative | Moses stretched out his rod; Qal = extend/stretch |
| 15 | גָּלָה | he exiled / he sent into exile | Causative | King of Assyria caused Israel to go into exile; Qal = go into exile |
