# Qal Imperfect — Biconsonantal (II-י/ו) Paradigms

Full inflection tables for biconsonantal (hollow) roots in the Qal Imperfect.
Distinctive: qamets under prefix consonant; long middle vowel (ו or י).

## Biconsonantal: קוּם (rise, stand up) — Imperfect

Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יָקוּם | יָקׇם | וַיָּ֫קׇם | Long: shureq; short: qamets hatuf (reduced)
3fs | תָּקוּם | תָּקׇם | — |
2ms | תָּקוּם | תָּקׇם | — |
2fs | תָּקוּמִי | — | — | Long vowel + -ִי suffix
1cs | אָקוּם | — | — |
3mp | יָקֻ֫מוּ | — | — | Qibbuts under prefix (or qamets + -וּ)
3fp | תָּקוּ֫מְנָה | — | — |
2mp | תָּקוּמוּ | — | — |
1cp | נָקוּם | — | — |

> Key markers:
> - Long Imperfect: qamets under prefix + shureq as middle vowel (יָקוּם)
> - Short Jussive: qamets hatuf (ָׇ) in the root — a very short vowel
> - Wayyiqtol: same as Jussive + waw-consecutive: וַיָּ֫קׇם (qamets under the doubled prefix consonant)

## Biconsonantal: שׁוּב (return) — Imperfect

Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יָשׁוּב | יָשׇׁב | וַיָּ֫שׇׁב |
3fs | תָּשׁוּב | — | — |
2ms | תָּשׁוּב | — | — |
2fs | תָּשׁוּבִי | — | — |
1cs | אָשׁוּב | — | — |
3mp | יָשׁ֫וּבוּ | — | — |
1cp | נָשׁוּב | — | — |

## Biconsonantal: בּוֹא (come, go) — Imperfect

Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יָבוֹא | — | וַיָּ֫בֹא | III-א also; aleph quiesces
3fs | תָּבוֹא | — | — |
2ms | תָּבוֹא | — | — |
2fs | תָּבֹאִי | — | — |
1cs | אָבוֹא | — | — |
3mp | יָבֹ֫אוּ | — | — | Holem + aleph + -וּ
1cp | נָבוֹא | — | — |

## Biconsonantal: מוּת (die) — Imperfect

Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יָמוּת | יָמׇת | וַיָּ֫מׇת |
3fs | תָּמוּת | — | — |
2ms | תָּמוּת | — | — |
1cs | אָמוּת | — | — |
3mp | יָמֻ֫תוּ | — | — |
1cp | נָמוּת | — | — |

## Strong Paradigm — Comparison

Person | Strong (יִקְטֹל) | Bicons. (יָקוּם) | Bicons. (יָבוֹא) | Bicons. (יָשׁוּב)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יִקְטֹל | יָקוּם | יָבוֹא | יָשׁוּב
3fs | תִּקְטֹל | תָּקוּם | תָּבוֹא | תָּשׁוּב
2ms | תִּקְטֹל | תָּקוּם | תָּבוֹא | תָּשׁוּב
2fs | תִּקְטְלִי | תָּקוּמִי | תָּבֹאִי | תָּשׁוּבִי
1cs | אֶקְטֹל | אָקוּם | אָבוֹא | אָשׁוּב
3mp | יִקְטְלוּ | יָקֻ֫מוּ | יָבֹ֫אוּ | יָשׁ֫וּבוּ
1cp | נִקְטֹל | נָקוּם | נָבוֹא | נָשׁוּב
Wayyiqtol 3ms | וַיִּקְטֹל | וַיָּ֫קׇם | וַיָּ֫בֹא | וַיָּ֫שׇׁב