# Qal Imperfect — III-ח/ע (Lamed-Guttural) Paradigms

Full inflection tables for III-guttural roots in the Qal Imperfect.
Long form: patach furtive in final open syllables. Short form/Wayyiqtol: patach without furtive.

## III-ח: שָׁלַח (send) — Imperfect

Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יִשְׁלַ֫חַ | יִשְׁלַח | וַיִּשְׁלַח | Patach furtive in long form only
3fs | תִּשְׁלַ֫חַ | תִּשְׁלַח | — |
2ms | תִּשְׁלַח | תִּשְׁלַח | — | No furtive — suffix closes syllable
2fs | תִּשְׁלְחִי | — | — | Shewa under R2; no furtive needed
1cs | אֶשְׁלַח | — | — | No furtive
3mp | יִשְׁלְחוּ | — | — | Shewa under R2; no furtive
3fp | תִּשְׁלַחְנָה | — | — | נָה suffix; no furtive
2mp | תִּשְׁלְחוּ | — | — |
1cp | נִשְׁלַח | — | — |

> Rule: The patach furtive appears only when the guttural stands at word's end in an
> open syllable — i.e., the 3ms and 3fs long forms. Once a suffix is added or the form
> shortens, the furtive disappears.

## III-ע: שָׁמַע (hear) — Imperfect

Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | יִשְׁמַ֫עַ | יִשְׁמַע | וַיִּשְׁמַע | Patach furtive in long form
3fs | תִּשְׁמַ֫עַ | תִּשְׁמַע | — |
2ms | תִּשְׁמַע | — | — | No furtive
2fs | תִּשְׁמְעִי | — | — |
1cs | אֶשְׁמַע | — | — |
3mp | יִשְׁמְעוּ | — | — |
3fp | תִּשְׁמַעְנָה | — | — |
2mp | תִּשְׁמְעוּ | — | — |
1cp | נִשְׁמַע | — | — |

## Strong Paradigm — Comparison

Person | Strong (יִקְטֹל) | III-ח (יִשְׁלַח) | III-ע (יִשְׁמַע)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms (long) | יִקְטֹל | יִשְׁלַ֫חַ | יִשְׁמַ֫עַ
3ms (jussive) | יִקְטֹל | יִשְׁלַח | יִשְׁמַע
3ms (wayyiqtol) | וַיִּקְטֹל | וַיִּשְׁלַח | וַיִּשְׁמַע
3fs | תִּקְטֹל | תִּשְׁלַ֫חַ | תִּשְׁמַ֫עַ
2ms | תִּקְטֹל | תִּשְׁלַח | תִּשְׁמַע
1cs | אֶקְטֹל | אֶשְׁלַח | אֶשְׁמַע
3mp | יִקְטְלוּ | יִשְׁלְחוּ | יִשְׁמְעוּ

> Practical note: Since the Jussive looks identical to the long Imperfect in 2ms/1cs/3mp
> (no furtive in those forms anyway), the only cells where you can visually distinguish
> long vs. short are the 3ms and 3fs.