# Ch14 Weak-Form Identification Drill — Qal Perfect Weak Verbs

*For each form, give: (a) Weak Class, (b) Person, (c) Number, (d) Gender, (e) Root (3ms lexical form).*

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## Part A — By Weak Class

### Group 1: III-ה

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עָשָׂה | | | | | |
| 2 | רָאִיתָ | | | | | |
| 3 | גָּלְתָה | | | | | |
| 4 | עָשׂוּ | | | | | |
| 5 | עֲלִיתֶם | | | | | |

### Group 2: III-א

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | מָצָא | | | | | |
| 7 | קָרְאָה | | | | | |
| 8 | חָטָ֫אתִי | | | | | |
| 9 | מָצְאוּ | | | | | |
| 10 | מְצָאתֶם | | | | | |

### Group 3: III-ח/ע (Lamed-Guttural)

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | שָׁמַ֫עַ | | | | | |
| 12 | שָׁלַ֫חַ | | | | | |
| 13 | שָׁמַעְתִּי | | | | | |
| 14 | שָׁמְעוּ | | | | | |
| 15 | שְׁלַחְתֶּם | | | | | |

### Group 4: I-guttural (Pe-Guttural)

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | אָמַר | | | | | |
| 17 | עָמַדְתָּ | | | | | |
| 18 | אָמַרְתִּי | | | | | |
| 19 | אֲמַרְתֶּם | | | | | |
| 20 | עָמְדוּ | | | | | |

### Group 5: I-נ and I-י

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | נָתַן | | | | | |
| 22 | נָֽתְנָה | | | | | |
| 23 | יָלַדְתָּ | | | | | |
| 24 | יָלְדוּ | | | | | |
| 25 | יָדַ֗עְתִּי | | | | | |

### Group 6: Biconsonantal

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | קָם | | | | | |
| 27 | שָׁ֫בָה | | | | | |
| 28 | בָּ֫אתָ | | | | | |
| 29 | קָ֫מוּ | | | | | |
| 30 | שַׁ֫בְתֶּם | | | | | |

### Group 7: Geminate

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | סָ֫בַב | | | | | |
| 32 | תַּ֫מּוּ | | | | | |
| 33 | סַ֫בֹּתָ | | | | | |
| 34 | תָּ֫ם | | | | | |
| 35 | סָ֫בָּה | | | | | |

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## Part B — Mixed

*Identify the Weak Class first, then parse.*

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | הָיִ֫יתִי | | | | | |
| 37 | נָ֫פְלָה | | | | | |
| 38 | מָ֫ת | | | | | |
| 39 | בָּ֫אנוּ | | | | | |
| 40 | שָׁמְעָה | | | | | |

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## Discussion Questions

1. Forms #26 (קָם, Biconsonantal) and #34 (תָּ֫ם, Geminate) are both Qal Perfect 3ms
   and have a similar shape. What is the only reliable way to distinguish them? What
   root knowledge do you need?

2. Compare #6 (מָצָא, III-א) and #26 (קָם, Biconsonantal). Both are Qal Perfect 3ms
   with qamets. How would you tell which class each belongs to? What are the visual cues?

3. Forms #1 (עָשָׂה, III-ה, 3ms) and a hypothetical Qal Perfect 3fs of a strong root
   (e.g., שָׁמְרָה) both end in ָה-. How do you distinguish the III-ה 3ms from a strong
   3fs? What is the key difference?

4. In Group 5, forms #21 (נָתַן, I-נ) and #23 (יָלַדְתָּ, I-י) are both regular in the
   Perfect. When will the difference between I-נ and I-י become important? What form
   will first reveal the I-נ assimilation pattern?

5. The I-guttural perfect (#16–20) looks nearly identical to strong roots. Why does the
   I-guttural class cause more significant changes in the Imperfect (Ch16) than in the
   Perfect? What phonological property of the Imperfect triggers the change?

---

## Answer Key

### Part A

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עָשָׂה | III-ה | 3 | s | m | עשה | Final ה = vowel letter |
| 2 | רָאִיתָ | III-ה | 2 | s | m | ראה | Hireq-yod before 2ms suffix |
| 3 | גָּלְתָה | III-ה | 3 | s | f | גלה | 3fs תָה- ending (not ָה-) |
| 4 | עָשׂוּ | III-ה | 3 | p | c | עשה | Final ה drops before וּ- |
| 5 | עֲלִיתֶם | III-ה | 2 | p | m | עלה | Hireq-yod before 2mp תֶּם- |
| 6 | מָצָא | III-א | 3 | s | m | מצא | Silent aleph; qamets before א |
| 7 | קָרְאָה | III-א | 3 | s | f | קרא | III-א 3fs: ָאָה- |
| 8 | חָטָ֫אתִי | III-א | 1 | s | c | חטא | III-א 1cs; aleph quiesces |
| 9 | מָצְאוּ | III-א | 3 | p | c | מצא | III-א 3cp: ָאוּ- |
| 10 | מְצָאתֶם | III-א | 2 | p | m | מצא | III-א 2mp |
| 11 | שָׁמַ֫עַ | III-gutt. | 3 | s | m | שמע | Patach furtive before ע |
| 12 | שָׁלַ֫חַ | III-gutt. | 3 | s | m | שלח | Patach furtive before ח |
| 13 | שָׁמַעְתִּי | III-gutt. | 1 | s | c | שמע | Closed syllable; no furtive |
| 14 | שָׁמְעוּ | III-gutt. | 3 | p | c | שמע | 3cp; guttural in closed syllable |
| 15 | שְׁלַחְתֶּם | III-gutt. | 2 | p | m | שלח | 2mp |
| 16 | אָמַר | I-gutt. | 3 | s | m | אמר | I-gutt.; virtually like strong |
| 17 | עָמַדְתָּ | I-gutt. | 2 | s | m | עמד | 2ms; regular |
| 18 | אָמַרְתִּי | I-gutt. | 1 | s | c | אמר | 1cs; regular |
| 19 | אֲמַרְתֶּם | I-gutt. | 2 | p | m | אמר | Chateph-patach under aleph in reduced form |
| 20 | עָמְדוּ | I-gutt. | 3 | p | c | עמד | 3cp; R1 reduces |
| 21 | נָתַן | I-נ | 3 | s | m | נתן | I-נ regular in Perfect |
| 22 | נָֽתְנָה | I-נ | 3 | s | f | נתן | 3fs; I-נ regular |
| 23 | יָלַדְתָּ | I-י | 2 | s | m | ילד | I-י regular in Perfect |
| 24 | יָלְדוּ | I-י | 3 | p | c | ילד | 3cp |
| 25 | יָדַ֗עְתִּי | I-י | 1 | s | c | ידע | I-י regular; 1cs |
| 26 | קָם | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | קום | Short 3ms form; qamets |
| 27 | שָׁ֫בָה | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | f | שוב | 3fs |
| 28 | בָּ֫אתָ | Biconsonantal | 2 | s | m | בוא | 2ms |
| 29 | קָ֫מוּ | Biconsonantal | 3 | p | c | קום | 3cp |
| 30 | שַׁ֫בְתֶּם | Biconsonantal | 2 | p | m | שוב | 2mp |
| 31 | סָ֫בַב | Geminate | 3 | s | m | סבב | Dagesh forte in R2; double-bet |
| 32 | תַּ֫מּוּ | Geminate | 3 | p | c | תמם | 3cp; dagesh forte in double-mem |
| 33 | סַ֫בֹּתָ | Geminate | 2 | s | m | סבב | 2ms |
| 34 | תָּ֫ם | Geminate | 3 | s | m | תמם | Contracted form; compare to Bicons. קָם |
| 35 | סָ֫בָּה | Geminate | 3 | s | f | סבב | 3fs; dagesh forte in final bet |

### Part B

| # | Form | Weak Class | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | הָיִ֫יתִי | III-ה | 1 | s | c | היה | 1cs of היה; hireq-yod + תִּי- |
| 37 | נָ֫פְלָה | I-נ | 3 | s | f | נפל | I-נ regular in Perfect 3fs |
| 38 | מָ֫ת | Biconsonantal | 3 | s | m | מות | Short 3ms of מות; tsere form |
| 39 | בָּ֫אנוּ | Biconsonantal | 1 | p | c | בוא | 1cp of בוא |
| 40 | שָׁמְעָה | III-gutt. | 3 | s | f | שמע | 3fs; no patach furtive in closed syllable |
