# Ch16 Passage Exercise — Qal Imperfect Weak Verbs

*Parse each highlighted verb. Give: (a) Person, (b) Number, (c) Gender, (d) Root (3ms lexical form), (e) Weak Class, (f) Form Type (Imperfect / Wayyiqtol / Jussive), (g) Usage Type.*

*(Vocabulary note: focus on the weak-class pattern and the form type. Wayyiqtol is the waw-consecutive imperfect used for sequential narration.)*

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## Passage A — III-ה and III-א (Genesis 1:3–11 and Genesis 3:1)

> וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים **יְהִ֣י** אֹ֑ור וַֽיְהִי־אֹֽור׃
> וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים **יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה** הָאָ֛רֶץ דֶּ֖שֶׁא
> וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים **יִהְי֣וּ** מְאֹרֹ֔ת
> וְהַנָּחָ֗שׁ **אָמַ֣ר** … לֹ֥א **תֹּאכְל֖וּ** מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ

| # | Form | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יְהִ֣י | | | | | | | |
| 2 | יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה | | | | | | | |
| 3 | יִהְי֣וּ | | | | | | | |
| 4 | תֹּאכְל֖וּ | | | | | | | |

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## Passage B — III-Guttural and I-Guttural (Genesis 3–4 and Genesis 1)

> וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים **יֹאמַ֥ר** אֱלֹהִ֖ים לָאֹ֑ור
> וַיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־קֹ֨ול יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים מִתְהַלֵּ֥ך
> **וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע** יְהוָ֖ה
> **תַּחְמֹד֙** בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֔ךָ (Exo 20:17)
> **וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד** מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה (Exo 9:10)

| # | Form | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | יֹאמַ֥ר | | | | | | | |
| 6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע | | | | | | | |
| 7 | תַּחְמֹד֙ | | | | | | | |
| 8 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד | | | | | | | |

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## Passage C — I-נ and I-י (Genesis 4 and Genesis 9)

> **וַיִּתֵּ֨ן** יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאָדָ֖ם (Gen 3:21, adapted)
> **וַיֵּ֤דַע** קַ֙יִן֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֹּ֔ו (Gen 4:17)
> **יִתֵּ֥ן** לְכֶ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה (Num 10:29, adapted)
> **וַיֵּ֥צֵא** קַ֛יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה (Gen 4:16)

| # | Form | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן | | | | | | | |
| 10 | וַיֵּ֤דַע | | | | | | | |
| 11 | יִתֵּ֥ן | | | | | | | |
| 12 | וַיֵּ֥צֵא | | | | | | | |

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## Passage D — Biconsonantal and Geminate (Genesis 19–22)

> **וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙** שְׁנֵ֣י הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים סְדֹ֖מָה (Gen 19:1)
> **וַיָּ֣קׇם** אַבְרָהָ֗ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ (Gen 22:3)
> לֹ֥א **יָשׁ֖וּב** אֵלַ֑י דְּבָרִ֖י (Isa 55:11, adapted)
> **וַיָּ֤סׇּב** הַמֶּ֙לֶך֙ (1 Ki 21:4, adapted)

| # | Form | Person | Number | Gender | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | | | | | | | |
| 14 | וַיָּ֣קׇם | | | | | | | |
| 15 | יָשׁ֖וּב | | | | | | | |
| 16 | וַיָּ֤סׇּב | | | | | | | |

---

## Answer Key

| # | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יְהִ֣י | 3 | s | m | הָיָה | III-ה | Jussive | Volitional | Short jussive of III-ה: final ה dropped, vowel shortens; "Let there be light" — divine fiat |
| 2 | יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה | 3 | s | m | עָשָׂה | III-ה | Jussive | Volitional | III-ה jussive with seghol-he in long form; I-gutt. ע causes chateph; "Let the earth produce" |
| 3 | יִהְי֣וּ | 3 | p | m | הָיָה | III-ה | Imperfect | Jussive/Volitional | 3mp of היה: the וּ- suffix replaces ה; "Let there be lights" |
| 4 | תֹּאכְל֖וּ | 2 | p | m | אָכַל | I-guttural (א) | Imperfect | Prohibition (לֹא) | I-gutt. א: prefix takes holem (not hireq); "you shall not eat" — God's prohibition |
| 5 | יֹאמַ֥ר | 3 | s | m | אָמַר | I-guttural (א) | Imperfect | Simple Future | Holem prefix; one of the most frequent forms in the OT — must be memorized |
| 6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע | 3 | s | m | שָׁמַע | III-guttural (ע) | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Short form (no patach furtive in wayyiqtol); "and the LORD heard/heeded" |
| 7 | תַּחְמֹד֙ | 2 | s | m | חָמַד | I-guttural (ח) | Imperfect | Prohibition (לֹא) | Chateph under ח causes patach prefix (not hireq); "you shall not covet" — Decalogue |
| 8 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד | 3 | s | m | עָמַד | I-guttural (ע) | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Chateph-patach under ע; patach prefix: יַעֲ–; "and Moses stood before Pharaoh" |
| 9 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | I-נ | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Nun assimilated → dagesh forte in ת; tsere under what appears to be prefix + root |
| 10 | וַיֵּ֤דַע | 3 | s | m | יָדַע | I-י | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Tsere prefix (יֵ–) instead of hireq; yod at R1 contracts with prefix vowel |
| 11 | יִתֵּ֥ן | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | I-נ | Imperfect | Simple Future | Same assimilation pattern as wayyiqtol; tsere lengthens in the root syllable |
| 12 | וַיֵּ֥צֵא | 3 | s | m | יָצָא | I-י | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Tsere prefix; III-א also at play (aleph quiesces at R3) — compound weak class |
| 13 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | 3 | p | m | בּוֹא | Biconsonantal | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | וַיָּ– prefix with qamets; 3mp -וּ suffix; biconsonantal middle-vowel root |
| 14 | וַיָּ֣קׇם | 3 | s | m | קוּם | Biconsonantal | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Qamets under prefix; short form (qamets hatuf in root); "and Abraham arose" |
| 15 | יָשׁ֖וּב | 3 | s | m | שׁוּב | Biconsonantal | Imperfect | Simple Future | Qamets under prefix + vocalic ו (shureq) as middle vowel |
| 16 | וַיָּ֤סׇּב | 3 | s | m | סָבַב | Geminate | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past | Qamets under prefix + dagesh forte in the doubled root consonant (ב); holem |
