# Qal Perfect — III-ח/ע (Lamed-Guttural) Paradigms

Full inflection tables for roots with a guttural at R3 (ח, ע) in the Qal Perfect.

## III-ח: שָׁלַח (send)

Person | Form | Notes
--- | --- | ---
3ms | שָׁלַ֫חַ | Patach furtive below final ח; pronounced [sha-ˈla-ħaʔ]
3fs | שָׁלְחָה | Shewa under R1; patach before ח + ָה-
2ms | שָׁלַחְתָּ | Patach furtive drops before suffix; ת is the suffix
2fs | שָׁלַחְתְּ |
1cs | שָׁלַחְתִּי |
3cp | שָׁלְחוּ | Shewa under R1; guttural closes syllable before -וּ
2mp | שְׁלַחְתֶּם | Both R1 and R2 reduce
2fp | שְׁלַחְתֶּן |
1cp | שָׁלַחְנוּ | Patach furtive drops before נוּ

> Key: The patach furtive (פַּתַח גְּנוּבָה) appears in the 3ms and 3fs where the
> guttural stands at the end of the word in a word-final open syllable. It is
> pronounced before the guttural despite being written beneath it. Before consonantal
> suffixes (2ms, 1cs, etc.) the furtive does not appear.

## III-ע: שָׁמַע (hear)

Person | Form | Notes
--- | --- | ---
3ms | שָׁמַ֫עַ | Patach furtive before ע
3fs | שָׁמְעָה | Shewa under R1; patach + ע + ָה-
2ms | שָׁמַעְתָּ | No furtive; suffix closes the syllable
2fs | שָׁמַעְתְּ |
1cs | שָׁמַעְתִּי |
3cp | שָׁמְעוּ | Shewa under R1
2mp | שְׁמַעְתֶּם | Both reduce
2fp | שְׁמַעְתֶּן |
1cp | שָׁמַעְנוּ |

## III-ח/ע: Strong Paradigm Comparison

Person | Strong (קָטַל) | III-ח (שָׁלַח) | III-ע (שָׁמַע)
--- | --- | --- | ---
3ms | קָטַל | שָׁלַ֫חַ | שָׁמַ֫עַ
3fs | קָטְלָה | שָׁלְחָה | שָׁמְעָה
2ms | קָטַלְתָּ | שָׁלַחְתָּ | שָׁמַעְתָּ
2fs | קָטַלְתְּ | שָׁלַחְתְּ | שָׁמַעְתְּ
1cs | קָטַלְתִּי | שָׁלַחְתִּי | שָׁמַעְתִּי
3cp | קָטְלוּ | שָׁלְחוּ | שָׁמְעוּ
2mp | קְטַלְתֶּם | שְׁלַחְתֶּם | שְׁמַעְתֶּם
1cp | קָטַלְנוּ | שָׁלַחְנוּ | שָׁמַעְנוּ

> Note: The 3ms and 3fs with patach furtive are the only cells that clearly distinguish
> this class from the strong paradigm. All other forms look essentially like strong roots.