BBH Chapter 16 · Genesis 1, 3–4 · Exodus 9, 20 · Isaiah 55 · 1 Kings 21
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י אֹ֑ור
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָאָ֛רֶץ דֶּ֖שֶׁא
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִהְי֣וּ מְאֹרֹ֔ת
לֹ֥א תֹּאכְל֖וּ מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ
| # | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יְהִ֣י | ||||||||
| ✓ | יְהִ֣י | 3 | s | m | הָיָה | III-ה | Jussive | Volitional — short jussive: final ה dropped; "Let there be light" — divine fiat | |
| 2 | יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה | ||||||||
| ✓ | יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה | 3 | s | m | עָשָׂה | III-ה + I-gutt. | Jussive | Volitional — III-ה long jussive (seghol-he); I-gutt. ע causes chateph prefix; "Let the earth produce" | |
| 3 | יִהְי֣וּ | ||||||||
| ✓ | יִהְי֣וּ | 3 | p | m | הָיָה | III-ה | Imperfect | Jussive/Volitional — 3mp of הָיָה; וּ- suffix replaces ה; "Let there be lights" | |
| 4 | תֹּאכְל֖וּ | ||||||||
| ✓ | תֹּאכְל֖וּ | 2 | p | m | אָכַל | I-gutt. (א) | Imperfect | Prohibition (לֹא) — I-gutt. א takes holem (not hireq); "you shall not eat" | |
יֹאמַ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים לָאֹ֑ור
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה
לֹ֥א תַּחְמֹד֙ בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֔ךָ
וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה
| # | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | יֹאמַ֥ר | ||||||||
| ✓ | יֹאמַ֥ר | 3 | s | m | אָמַר | I-gutt. (א) | Imperfect | Simple Future — holem prefix; one of the most frequent forms in the OT; must be memorized | |
| 6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע | 3 | s | m | שָׁמַע | III-gutt. (ע) | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — short form (no patach furtive in wayyiqtol); "and the LORD heard" | |
| 7 | תַּחְמֹד֙ | ||||||||
| ✓ | תַּחְמֹד֙ | 2 | s | m | חָמַד | I-gutt. (ח) | Imperfect | Prohibition (לֹא) — chateph under ח causes patach prefix (not hireq); "you shall not covet" — Decalogue | |
| 8 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֥ד | 3 | s | m | עָמַד | I-gutt. (ע) | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — chateph-patach under ע; patach prefix יַעֲ–; "and Moses stood before Pharaoh" | |
וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאָדָ֖ם
וַיֵּ֤דַע קַ֙יִן֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֹּ֔ו
יִתֵּ֥ן לְכֶ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה
וַיֵּ֥צֵא קַ֛יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה
| # | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | I-נ | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — nun assimilated → dagesh forte in ת; tsere in root syllable | |
| 10 | וַיֵּ֤דַע | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיֵּ֤דַע | 3 | s | m | יָדַע | I-י | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — tsere prefix (יֵ–); yod at R1 contracts with prefix vowel | |
| 11 | יִתֵּ֥ן | ||||||||
| ✓ | יִתֵּ֥ן | 3 | s | m | נָתַן | I-נ | Imperfect | Simple Future — same assimilation pattern; dagesh forte in ת; tsere lengthens | |
| 12 | וַיֵּ֥צֵא | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיֵּ֥צֵא | 3 | s | m | יָצָא | I-י + III-א | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — tsere prefix; also III-א (aleph quiesces at R3) — compound weak class | |
וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים סְדֹ֖מָה
וַיָּ֣קׇם אַבְרָהָ֗ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙
לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב אֵלַ֑י דְּבָרִ֖י
וַיָּ֤סׇּב הַמֶּ֙לֶך֙
| # | Form | Pers. | Num. | Gen. | Root | Weak Class | Form Type | Usage Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ | 3 | p | m | בּוֹא | Biconsonantal | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — וַיָּ– prefix with qamets; 3mp -וּ suffix; "and the two angels came" | |
| 14 | וַיָּ֣קׇם | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיָּ֣קׇם | 3 | s | m | קוּם | Biconsonantal | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — qamets under prefix; short form (qamets hatuf in root); "and Abraham arose" | |
| 15 | יָשׁ֖וּב | ||||||||
| ✓ | יָשׁ֖וּב | 3 | s | m | שׁוּב | Biconsonantal | Imperfect | Simple Future — qamets under prefix + shureq (ו) as middle vowel; "my word shall not return" | |
| 16 | וַיָּ֤סׇּב | ||||||||
| ✓ | וַיָּ֤סׇּב | 3 | s | m | סָבַב | Geminate | Wayyiqtol | Sequential Past — qamets under prefix + dagesh forte in doubled root consonant ב; holem; "and the king turned" | |