BBH Chapter 26 · Hiphil Strong Verbs
Classify each Hiphil verb as C (Causative), F (Factitive), D (Declarative), SA (Simple Action), or DN (Denominative). Type your answer in the Function column, then click ▶ Answer to check.
| Label | Function | Key diagnostic question |
|---|---|---|
| C | Causative | Does the subject cause someone/something else to do or experience the action? |
| F | Factitive | Does the subject cause an object to be in a certain state? (From a stative root.) |
| D | Declarative | Does the subject declare or treat something as being in a state? |
| SA | Simple Action | Is the Hiphil the standard form of the verb with no Qal counterpart in normal usage? |
| DN | Denominative | Is the Hiphil derived from a noun, performing an action related to that noun? (not in BBH) |
| # | Hebrew Form | Conjugation | Ref | Contextual Gloss | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַיָּבֵא | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 2:19 | "he brought them to the man" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: בּוֹא (Qal: to come/go) · God caused the animals to come to Adam | ||||||
| 2 | וַתּוֹצֵא | Wayyiqtol 3fs | Gen 1:12 | "the earth brought forth vegetation" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: יָצָא (Qal: to go out) · The earth caused vegetation to come out | ||||||
| 3 | וַיָּשֶׁב | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 14:16 | "he brought back his brother Lot" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: שׁוּב (Qal: to return) · Abraham caused Lot to return | ||||||
| 4 | הִשְׁקָה | Perfect 3ms | Gen 2:6 | "a mist watered the whole surface" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: שָׁקָה (Qal: to drink) · The mist caused the ground to receive water | ||||||
| 5 | וַיּוֹלֶד | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 5:3 | "Adam fathered a son" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: יָלַד (Qal: to give birth) · Adam caused a son to be born | ||||||
| 6 | הַעֲלֵה | Imperative 2ms | Gen 22:2 | "offer him as a burnt offering" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: עָלָה (Qal: to go up) · Cause Isaac to go up as an offering | ||||||
| 7 | וַתֹּרֶד | Wayyiqtol 3fs | Gen 24:18 | "she lowered her jar to give him a drink" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: יָרַד (Qal: to go down) · Rebekah caused the jar to go down | ||||||
| 8 | וַיָּסַר | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 30:35 | "he removed the streaked goats" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: סוּר (Qal: to turn aside, depart) · Caused the goats to depart/move away | ||||||
| 9 | וַיַּגֵּד | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 9:22 | "Ham told his two brothers" | ||
| SA — Simple Action · Root: נָגַד (rare Qal) · Hiphil = standard form; to tell/report is the basic meaning | ||||||
| 10 | הִגִּיד | Weqatal 3ms | Gen 3:11 | "who told you that you were naked?" | ||
| SA — Simple Action · Root: נָגַד · Same root as #9; Hiphil is the operative form | ||||||
| 11 | וַתַּשְׁלֵךְ | Wayyiqtol 3fs | Gen 21:15 | "she threw the child under one of the bushes" | ||
| SA — Simple Action · Root: שָׁלַךְ (no common Qal) · To throw/cast; Hiphil is the primary form | ||||||
| 12 | הִזְכַּרְתָּ | Perfect 2ms | Gen 40:14 | "mention me to Pharaoh" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: זָכַר (Qal: to remember) · Cause Pharaoh to remember; bring to his mind | ||||||
| 13 | מַזְכִּיר | Participle ms | Gen 41:9 | "I am bringing my faults to mind" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: זָכַר · Causing something to be remembered; same Causative pattern | ||||||
| 14 | הָמִית | Inf. Construct | Gen 18:25 | "Far be it from you to put the righteous to death" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: מוּת (Qal: to die) · To cause to die = put to death | ||||||
| 15 | הַכּוֹת | Inf. Construct | Gen 4:15 | "lest anyone who found him strike him" | ||
| SA — Simple Action · Root: נָכָה (no Qal) · To strike; Hiphil is the primary and standard form | ||||||
| 16 | הִשְׁמַדְתִּי | Perfect 1cs | Lev 26:30 | "I will destroy your high places" | ||
| SA — Simple Action · Root: שָׁמַד (no Qal) · To destroy; the Niphal of this root means "to be destroyed" | ||||||
| 17 | תַּשְׁמִידוּ | Imperfect 2mp | Num 33:52 | "you shall demolish all their figured stones" | ||
| SA — Simple Action · Root: שָׁמַד · Same root as #16; conquest context | ||||||
| 18 | וַיַּכְבֵּד | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Exo 8:32 | "Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also" | ||
| F — Factitive · Root: כָּבֵד (Qal: to be heavy/honored) · Pharaoh caused his heart to be in a state of heaviness/stubbornness | ||||||
| 19 | וְהַכְבֵּד | Inf. Absolute | Exo 8:15 | "he made his heart stubborn" (intensified) | ||
| F — Factitive · Root: כָּבֵד · Same Factitive force; Inf. Absolute here intensifies the action (made it truly heavy) | ||||||
| 20 | וַתַּגְדֵּל | Wayyiqtol 2ms | Gen 19:19 | "you have shown great kindness to me" | ||
| F — Factitive · Root: גָּדַל (Qal: to be great) · Caused your kindness to be great; to magnify or make great | ||||||
| 21 | הִרְשִׁיעוּ | Perfect 3cp | Deu 25:1 | "they shall acquit the innocent and condemn the guilty" | ||
| D — Declarative · Root: רָשָׁע (Qal: to be wicked) · Legal verdict: the judges declare someone to be in the state of guilt (not making them wicked) | ||||||
| 22 | יַרְשִׁיעֻ | Imperfect 3mp | Exo 22:8 | "the judges shall declare him guilty" | ||
| D — Declarative · Root: רָשָׁע · Same root and function as #21; a judicial pronouncement | ||||||
| 23 | וַיַּעַל | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 8:20 | "Noah offered burnt offerings on the altar" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: עָלָה (Qal: to go up) · Noah caused the offerings to go up (on the altar) | ||||||
| 24 | הָמִית | Inf. Construct | Gen 37:18 | "they conspired against him to kill him" | ||
| C — Causative · Root: מוּת (Qal: to die) · To cause to die = kill; same form as #14, different context | ||||||
| 25 | מַמְטִיר | Participle ms | Gen 7:4 | "I am about to send rain on the earth" | ||
| DN — Denominative · Root: מָטַר · From noun מָטָר ("rain") — the Hiphil performs the action of rain; to send/cause rain | ||||||
| 26 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּם | Wayyiqtol 3ms | Gen 22:3 | "Abraham rose early in the morning" | ||
| DN — Denominative · Root: שָׁכַם · From noun שְׁכֶם ("shoulder") — to shoulder up early = to rise early / start at dawn | ||||||
| 27 | הַאְזִינוּ | Imperative 2mp | Deu 32:1 | "give ear, O heavens, and I will speak" | ||
| DN — Denominative · Root: אָזַן · From noun אֹזֶן ("ear") — to ear = to give ear / listen attentively | ||||||