Chapter 27 — Semantic Function Sorting (Weak Roots)

BBH Chapter 27 · Hiphil Weak Verbs
Instructions: Classify each Hiphil verb as C (Causative), F (Factitive), D (Declarative), SA (Simple Action), or DN (Denominative). Write your answer in the Function column. All roots are weak roots from Ch27 classes. Click ▶ Answer to reveal each row.
C = Causative  |  F = Factitive  |  D = Declarative  |  SA = Simple Action  |  DN = Denominative
#Hebrew FormConjugationRefContextual GlossFunction
1הוֹצִיאPerfect 3msGen 15:7"I am the LORD who brought you out of Ur"
1הוֹצִיאPerfect 3msGen 15:7"I am the LORD who brought you out of Ur" C — יָצָא: Qal = go out; Hiphil = cause to go out / bring out
2הוֹשִׁיבWayyiqtol 3msGen 47:11"Joseph settled his father and brothers in Egypt"
2הוֹשִׁיבWayyiqtol 3msGen 47:11"Joseph settled his father and brothers in Egypt" C — יָשַׁב: Qal = sit/dwell; Hiphil = cause to dwell / settle
3הוֹדִיעַPerfect 3msDeu 4:9"make them known to your children and grandchildren"
3הוֹדִיעַPerfect 3msDeu 4:9"make them known to your children and grandchildren" C — יָדַע: Qal = know; Hiphil = cause to know / make known
4הֵבִיאPerfect 3msGen 43:17"the man brought Joseph's brothers into Joseph's house"
4הֵבִיאPerfect 3msGen 43:17"the man brought Joseph's brothers into Joseph's house" C — בּוֹא: Qal = come; Hiphil = cause to come / bring
5הֵשִׁיבWayyiqtol 3msGen 42:25"Joseph commanded that each man's money be returned"
5הֵשִׁיבWayyiqtol 3msGen 42:25"Joseph commanded that each man's money be returned" C — שׁוּב: Qal = return; Hiphil = cause to return / give back
6הֵקִיםWayyiqtol 3msGen 6:18"I will establish my covenant with you"
6הֵקִיםWayyiqtol 3msGen 6:18"I will establish my covenant with you" C — קוּם: Qal = rise/stand; Hiphil = cause to stand / establish
7יָמִיתImperfect 3msDeu 17:12"that man shall be put to death"
7יָמִיתImperfect 3msDeu 17:12"that man shall be put to death" C — מוּת: Qal = die; Hiphil = cause to die / put to death
8הִפִּילWayyiqtol 3msGen 2:21"the LORD caused a deep sleep to fall on the man"
8הִפִּילWayyiqtol 3msGen 2:21"the LORD caused a deep sleep to fall on the man" C — נָפַל: Qal = fall; Hiphil = cause to fall / cast down
9הִגִּישׁWayyiqtol 3msGen 43:31"Joseph set the meal before them"
9הִגִּישׁWayyiqtol 3msGen 43:31"Joseph set the meal before them" C — נָגַשׁ: Qal = draw near; Hiphil = cause to draw near / set before
10הֶעֱלָהPerfect 3msGen 46:4"I will also bring you up again"
10הֶעֱלָהPerfect 3msGen 46:4"I will also bring you up again" C — עָלָה: Qal = go up; Hiphil = cause to go up / bring up
11הֶרְאָהPerfect 3msDeu 34:1"the LORD showed him all the land"
11הֶרְאָהPerfect 3msDeu 34:1"the LORD showed him all the land" C — רָאָה: Qal = see; Hiphil = cause to see / show
12הִטָּהWayyiqtol 3msExo 10:13"Moses stretched out his staff over Egypt"
12הִטָּהWayyiqtol 3msExo 10:13"Moses stretched out his staff over Egypt" C — נָטָה: Qal = extend/stretch; Hiphil = cause to extend / stretch out
13הִגְלָהPerfect 3ms2 Kgs 17:6"the king of Assyria exiled Israel to Assyria"
13הִגְלָהPerfect 3ms2 Kgs 17:6"the king of Assyria exiled Israel to Assyria" C — גָּלָה: Qal = go into exile; Hiphil = cause to go into exile / exile
14הֵרַעPerfect 3msGen 19:9"now we will deal worse with you than with them"
14הֵרַעPerfect 3msGen 19:9"now we will deal worse with you than with them" F — רָעַע: Qal = be bad; Hiphil = make worse / treat badly (cause to be in bad state)
15הֶחֱיָהWayyiqtol 3msGen 47:25"you have saved our lives!"
15הֶחֱיָהWayyiqtol 3msGen 47:25"you have saved our lives!" C — חָיָה: Qal = live; Hiphil = cause to live / save alive
16הִשְׁחִיתWayyiqtol 3msGen 6:12"for all flesh had corrupted its way on earth"
16הִשְׁחִיתWayyiqtol 3msGen 6:12"for all flesh had corrupted its way on earth" SA — שָׁחַת: Hiphil = destroy/corrupt; Niphal = be destroyed; Hiphil is primary usage
17הֵרִיםWayyiqtol 3msGen 22:10"Abraham reached out his hand and lifted the knife"
17הֵרִיםWayyiqtol 3msGen 22:10"Abraham reached out his hand and lifted the knife" C — רוּם: Qal = be high/rise; Hiphil = cause to rise / lift up
18הֵשִׁיבPerfect 3msNum 23:20"I have received a command to bless"
18הֵשִׁיבPerfect 3msNum 23:20"I have received a command to bless" C — שׁוּב: Qal = return; Hiphil = cause to return / receive back (blessing)
19הֵמִירPerfect 3msLev 27:10"he shall not exchange it or substitute it"
19הֵמִירPerfect 3msLev 27:10"he shall not exchange it or substitute it" SA — מוּר: To exchange/substitute; Hiphil is primary form for this meaning
20יַשְׁמִיעַImperfect 3msDeu 4:36"from heaven he made you hear his voice"
20יַשְׁמִיעַImperfect 3msDeu 4:36"from heaven he made you hear his voice" C — שָׁמַע: Qal = hear; Hiphil = cause to hear / proclaim
21הֵבִיןPerfect 3msNeh 8:8"they gave the sense so that the people understood"
21הֵבִיןPerfect 3msNeh 8:8"they gave the sense so that the people understood" C — בִּין: Qal = understand; Hiphil = cause to understand / give understanding
22הִרְבָּהPerfect 3msGen 22:17"I will greatly multiply your offspring"
22הִרְבָּהPerfect 3msGen 22:17"I will greatly multiply your offspring" C — רָבָה: Qal = be many; Hiphil = cause to be many / multiply
23הִגְדִּילPerfect 3msJoel 2:21"for the LORD has done great things"
23הִגְדִּילPerfect 3msJoel 2:21"for the LORD has done great things" F — גָּדַל: Qal = be great; Hiphil = cause greatness / do great things
24הִכְשִׁילPerfect 3msLam 1:14"he made my strength fail / he caused me to stumble"
24הִכְשִׁילPerfect 3msLam 1:14"he made my strength fail / he caused me to stumble" C — כָּשַׁל: Qal = stumble; Hiphil = cause to stumble / make strength fail
Discussion Questions:
  1. Items 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 13 are all Causative. What do the underlying Qal roots have in common — motion, state, or position — that makes the Causative reading natural?
  2. Item 6 (קוּם, "to rise / stand") is Causative: God caused the covenant to stand. How is this different from Factitive? (Hint: what is the "object" being caused, and is it a state or an action?)
  3. Items 21 (הֵבִין, "to understand") and 22 (הִרְבָּה, "to multiply") are both Causative. Identify the Qal meaning for each root and explain how the Hiphil extends it.