BBH Chapter 29 · Hophal Weak Verbs
For each form: (1) identify the weak class, (2) parse (conjugation + PGN), (3) identify the root.
| Class | Key diagnostic signal |
|---|---|
| I-yod/vav | שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ / יוּ / מוּ); R1 yod/vav quiesces and disappears |
| Biconsonantal (hollow) | שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ / יוּ) — same as I-yod; medial root vowel is the key to distinguishing: hollow root has vav/yod as R2 |
| I-nun | קִבּוּץ prefix (הֻ / יֻּ) + dagesh forte in R2 throughout — נ has assimilated into R2 |
| III-he | קִבּוּץ prefix (הֻ) + qamets-he ending (perfect 3ms); וּ plural (perfect 3cp); seghol-he (imperfect/participle) |
| I-guttural | קִבּוּץ or שׁוּרֶק prefix; composite shewa (hateph vowel) under R1 guttural throughout |
| Geminate | שׁוּרֶק or קִבּוּץ prefix; dagesh forte in final root consonant (R2=R3 contraction); root has identical R2 and R3 |
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הוּרַד | Gen 39:1 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · יָרַד — he was brought down; שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ) is the I-yod/vav Hophal marker; R1 yod has quiesced | ||||||
| 2 | יוּרַד | Gen 44:29 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · יָרַד — he will be brought down; שׁוּרֶק under imperfect prefix consonant (יוּ) — I-yod/vav pattern | ||||||
| 3 | הוּבָא | Lev 4:4 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · בּוֹא — it was brought; הוּ prefix; root בּוֹא is I-vav (hollow); III-aleph: silent final א | ||||||
| 4 | הוּבְאוּ | Gen 43:18 | ||||
| Perfect · 3cp · בּוֹא — they were brought; הוּ prefix + וּ plural ending; I-vav root | ||||||
| 5 | מוּבָאִים | Gen 43:18 | ||||
| Participle · mp · בּוֹא — being brought; מוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק under מ) is the I-yod/vav Hophal participle marker; ים plural | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | הוּקַם | Exo 40:17 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · קוּם — it was set up/erected; הוּ prefix; hollow biconsonantal root (medial וּ vowel letter) | ||||||
| 7 | יוּמַת | Gen 26:11 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · מוּת — he shall be put to death; יוּ prefix — biconsonantal Hophal imperfect; hollow root מוּת | ||||||
| 8 | הוּסַר | Lev 4:31 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · סוּר — it was removed; הוּ prefix; hollow root סוּר; "the fat was removed" | ||||||
| 9 | הוּשַׁב | Gen 42:28 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · שׁוּב — it was returned/restored; הוּ prefix; hollow root שׁוּב; "my silver was returned" | ||||||
| 10 | יּוּשַׂם | Gen 24:33 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שִׂים — and food was set before him; יּוּ prefix (wayyiqtol) — dagesh in יּ + שׁוּרֶק; hollow/biconsonantal root שִׂים | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | וַיֻּגַּד | Gen 22:20 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · נָגַד — and it was told; וַיֻּ prefix (wayyiqtol) + קִבּוּץ + dagesh forte in R2 (ג) — נ has assimilated | ||||||
| 12 | יֻּגַּד | Gen 38:13 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · נָגַד — it was told to Tamar; קִבּוּץ under prefix (יֻּ) + dagesh in R2 (ג) — I-nun assimilation | ||||||
| 13 | יֻּכּוּ | Exo 5:14 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3mp · נָכָה — and they were beaten; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he root; וּ plural ending; "the taskmasters beat the Israelite foremen" | ||||||
| 14 | יֻּתַּן | Lev 11:38 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · נָתַן — if water is put on the seed; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (תּ) — I-nun; the second נ of נָתַן also assimilates, causing extra dagesh in R3 | ||||||
| 15 | יֻּקַּם | Gen 4:15 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · נָקַם — he will be avenged; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (קּ) — I-nun: נ of נָקַם has assimilated; "Cain will be avenged sevenfold" | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | הֻגְלָה | Amos 1:5 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · גָּלָה — the people of Aram were exiled; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + III-he: qamets-he ending | ||||||
| 17 | הֻגְלוּ | Jer 29:1 | ||||
| Perfect · 3cp · גָּלָה — those who were exiled from Jerusalem; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + וּ plural (III-he 3cp Qatal pattern: ה→ וּ) | ||||||
| 18 | מוּכָּה | Deut 28:27 | ||||
| Participle · fs · נָכָה — stricken (with); מוּ prefix (I-yod/nun in participle); dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he: ה ending on feminine participle | ||||||
| 19 | יֻּכֶּה | Exo 21:20 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · נָכָה — if he is struck/beaten; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he: seghol-he ending in imperfect | ||||||
| 20 | הֻלַּד | Exo 1:22 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · יָלַד — every son who is born; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh in R2 (לּ); root יָלַד is I-yod; the dagesh assimilates the yod's behavior in Hophal | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | הוּחַל | Gen 4:26 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · חָלַל — it was begun/profaned; הוּ prefix; guttural ח: no dagesh, takes full vowel (patach under ח); "then it was begun to call on the name of YHWH" | ||||||
| 22 | יָחֳרַם | Ezr 10:8 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · חָרַם — his property will be forfeited/devoted; I-guttural: hateph-qamets under ח (יָ + חֳ); "all his property will be devoted to destruction" | ||||||
| 23 | הֻחְלָה | 1 Sam 21:6 | ||||
| Perfect · 3fs · חָלָה — it had been set apart/consecrated; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + shewa under guttural ח + III-he ה ending (fs suffix) | ||||||
| 24 | הֻאֲמַן | 2 Chr 9:8 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · אָמַן — he was found faithful/established; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + hateph-patach under guttural א — I-aleph (I-guttural); "because your God has set you…on his throne" | ||||||
| 25 | יֶֽחֱטָא | Num 15:28 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · חָטָא — he will be cleansed/pardoned; I-guttural: hateph-seghol under ח; III-aleph: silent final א; "the priest shall make atonement and he will be forgiven" | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | הוּסַב | 2 Sam 3:12 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · סָבַב — the kingdom was turned over; הוּ prefix; geminate root ס-ב-ב (R2=R3); שׁוּרֶק form of Hophal geminate | ||||||
| 27 | מוּסַבּוֹת | Num 32:38 | ||||
| Participle · fp · סָבַב — their names having been changed/surrounded; מוּ prefix + dagesh forte in R3 (בּ) — geminate contraction; feminine plural וֹת ending | ||||||
| 28 | הֻסַּב | 1 Kgs 2:15 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · סָבַב — the kingdom was turned over; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh forte in R2 (סּ) — alternate geminate Hophal form; contrast הוּסַב (item 26) which uses שׁוּרֶק | ||||||
| 29 | יֻּתַּם | 2 Sam 20:18 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · תָּמַם — a matter will be completed/finished; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (תּ) — geminate root ת-מ-מ (R2=R3) | ||||||
| 30 | יֻּכַּל | Num 13:30 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · כָּלַל — it will be completed/able to be done; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — geminate root כ-ל-ל; "we are well able to overcome it" | ||||||
Identify the weak class first, then parse fully.
| # | Form | Reference | Weak class | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | הוּבָא | Gen 33:11 | |||||
| I-vav / Biconsonantal · Perfect · 3ms · בּוֹא — the gift was brought to him; הוּ prefix; root בּוֹא is I-vav and hollow | |||||||
| 32 | יֻּגַּד | Gen 48:2 | |||||
| I-nun · Imperfect · 3ms · נָגַד — it was told to Jacob; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (ג) — נ of נָגַד has assimilated | |||||||
| 33 | יוּמַת | Lev 20:2 | |||||
| Biconsonantal · Imperfect · 3ms · מוּת — he shall be put to death; יוּ prefix — hollow biconsonantal Hophal imperfect | |||||||
| 34 | הֻגְלוּ | 2 Kgs 17:23 | |||||
| III-he · Perfect · 3cp · גָּלָה — Israel was exiled from its land; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + וּ plural ending (III-he 3cp: ה drops, וּ takes its place) | |||||||
| 35 | הוּקַם | Num 7:1 | |||||
| Biconsonantal · Perfect · 3ms · קוּם — the tabernacle was erected; הוּ prefix; hollow root קוּם; medial vav vowel letter is the biconsonantal marker | |||||||
| 36 | הוּסַר | Lev 6:4 | |||||
| Biconsonantal · Perfect · 3ms · סוּר — the ashes shall be removed; הוּ prefix; hollow root סוּר; distinguish from Geminate: no R2=R3 | |||||||
| 37 | יֻּכּוּ | Num 14:12 | |||||
| I-nun + III-he · Wayyiqtol · 3mp · נָכָה — and they were struck; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he root; וּ plural; note both weak classes interact | |||||||
| 38 | הוּרַד | 1 Sam 30:24 | |||||
| I-yod · Perfect · 3ms · יָרַד — the share of the one who stayed with the baggage; הוּ prefix; R1 yod has quiesced; "so his share shall be equal" | |||||||
| 39 | הוּחַל | Gen 4:26 | |||||
| I-guttural · Perfect · 3ms · חָלַל — it was begun; הוּ prefix; guttural ח: no dagesh, full vowel (patach) replaces shewa under R1 | |||||||
| 40 | הוּסַב | Josh 15:3 | |||||
| Geminate · Perfect · 3ms · סָבַב — it turned/went around; הוּ prefix; root ס-ב-ב has R2=R3 (geminate) — this is the only reliable distinguisher from biconsonantal הוּסַר (root סוּר: hollow, not geminate) | |||||||