Chapter 33 — Qal–Piel–Pual Contrast Drill (Weak Roots)

BBH Chapter 33 · Pual Weak Verbs

Each triplet shows the same weak root in Qal, Piel, and Pual. For each form: (1) identify the stem, (2) parse fully, (3) translate.

Stem	R1 vowel (Perfect 3ms)	R2 / End	Function
Qal	Variable (qamets, etc.)	Normal for weak type	Simple active
Piel	Hiriq (or tsere)	Dagesh Forte in R2	Intensive active
Pual	Qibbuts (or holem if R2 guttural)	Dagesh Forte in R2	Passive of Piel

III-ה Pual perfect 3ms: ends in ָּה (qamets-heh) — the ה quiesces and the qibbuts + dagesh pattern appears in R1–R2.
I-Guttural / R2-guttural: gutturals reject dagesh forte — look for compensatory lengthening (qibbuts → holem, hiriq → tsere).

Triplet 1 — Root: גלה (III-ה)

Form

Stem

Conjugation

PGN

Translation

גָּלָה

Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he went into exile / uncovered" — qamets under ג; final ָה is the III-ה perfect 3ms ending; no dagesh in ל

גִּלָּה

Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he revealed / uncovered" — hiriq under ג + dagesh forte in ל + final ָה; Piel of III-ה root

גֻּלָּה

Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was revealed / uncovered" — qibbuts under ג + dagesh forte in ל + final ָה; III-ה Pual pattern

Triplet 2 — Root: כלה (III-ה)

Form

Stem

Conjugation

PGN

Translation

כָּלָה

Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he finished / ceased" — intransitive: to come to an end; qamets under כ; no dagesh in ל

כִּלָּה

Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he completed / finished off" — hiriq under כ + dagesh in ל + final ָה; transitive/factitive of כלה

כֻּלָּה

Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was finished / consumed" — qibbuts under כ + dagesh in ל + final ָה; passive of Piel

Triplet 3 — Root: ברך (R2 = ר rejects dagesh)

Form

Stem

Conjugation

PGN

Translation

בָּרַךְ

Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he knelt" — qamets under ב; no dagesh in ר (ר never takes dagesh); rare Qal usage

בֵּרַךְ

Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he blessed" — tsere under ב (Piel stem vowel lengthened from hiriq; ר rejects dagesh → compensatory lengthening)

בֹּרַךְ

Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was blessed" — holem under ב (Pual qibbuts lengthened; ר rejects dagesh forte in R2) + patach

Triplet 4 — Root: ענה (III-ה, I-Guttural ע)

Form

Stem

Conjugation

PGN

Translation

עָנָה

Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he answered" — ענה I; qamets under ע + final ָה; ע is guttural but causes no change in Qal perfect 3ms

עִנָּה

Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he afflicted / humbled" — ענה II; hiriq under ע (guttural accepts hiriq) + dagesh in ן + final ָה

עֻנָּה

Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was afflicted" — qibbuts under ע + dagesh forte in ן + final ָה; ע takes qibbuts (gutturals prefer a-class but qibbuts appears here)

Triplet 5 — Root: חיה (III-ה)

Form

Stem

Conjugation

PGN

Translation

חָיָה

Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he lived" — III-ה root; qamets under ח; final ָה; ח is guttural (R1) but doesn't change 3ms perfect form

חִיָּה

Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he kept alive" — hiriq under ח + dagesh forte in י + final ָה; Piel of III-ה with yod as R2

חֻיָּה

Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was kept alive" — qibbuts under ח + dagesh forte in י + final ָה; Pual of III-ה; passive of Piel חִיָּה