BBH Chapter 35 · Hithpael Weak Verbs
Each group of three shares the same weak root. For each form: (1) identify the stem, (2) identify the weak class, (3) describe how the weakness affects the form, (4) translate. Type your answers, then click ▶ Answer to check.
| Weak Class | Signal | Hithpael effect |
|---|---|---|
| III-ה | Perfect 3ms ends ָ–ה; wayyiqtol drops ה | הִתְ prefix + Qamets + ה at end |
| Sibilant שׁ/שׂ/ס | R1 is a sibilant | הִתְ + שׁ → הִשְׁתְּ (ת and שׁ swap) |
| Sibilant צ | R1 is צ | הִתְ + צ → הִצְטְ (ת → ט, then swap) |
| Geminate | R2 = R3 | הִתְ prefix + Dagesh in R2/R3 retained |
| # | Hebrew | Stem | Weak Class | Weakness Effect | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 — Root: גלה (III-ה: to uncover / go into exile) | ||||||
| 1 | גָּלָה | |||||
| Qal · Perfect 3ms · III-ה · R3 (ה) appears as Qamets + ה (ָ–ה) ending · "he went into exile / uncovered" | ||||||
| 2 | גִּלָּה | |||||
| Piel · Perfect 3ms · III-ה · Dagesh in R2 (לּ); R3 ends as Qamets + ה · "he revealed" | ||||||
| 3 | הִתְגַּלָּה | |||||
| Hithpael · Perfect 3ms · III-ה · הִתְ prefix + Dagesh in R2 + Qamets + ה at end (R3-ה preserved in Hithpael perfect) · "he revealed himself" | ||||||
| Group 2 — Root: שׁמר (sibilant R1: to keep / guard) | ||||||
| 4 | שָׁמַר | |||||
| Qal · Perfect 3ms · sibilant R1 (שׁ) · No change in Qal — sibilant metathesis only affects the Hithpael prefix · "he kept / guarded" | ||||||
| 5 | שִׁמֵּר | |||||
| Piel · Perfect 3ms · sibilant R1 (שׁ) · No change in Piel · "he carefully kept / watched over" | ||||||
| 6 | הִשְׁתַּמֵּר | |||||
| Hithpael · Perfect 3ms · sibilant metathesis · הִתְ + שׁ → ת and שׁ swap: הִשְׁתְּ (not *הִתְשְׁ); Dagesh in R2 retained · "he kept himself / was on guard" | ||||||
| Group 3 — Root: צדק (sibilant צ with assimilation: to be righteous) | ||||||
| 7 | צָדַק | |||||
| Qal · Perfect 3ms · sibilant R1 (צ) · No change in Qal · "he was righteous" | ||||||
| 8 | צִדֵּק | |||||
| Piel · Perfect 3ms · sibilant R1 (צ) · No change in Piel · "he declared righteous / justified" | ||||||
| 9 | הִצְטַדֵּק | |||||
| Hithpael · Perfect 3ms · sibilant metathesis + dental assimilation · הִתְ + צ: ת assimilates to ט (both are dentals) and then swaps with צ → הִצְטְ; Dagesh in R2 retained · "he justified himself" | ||||||
| Group 4 — Root: הלל (geminate: to shine / praise) | ||||||
| 10 | הָלַל | |||||
| Qal · Perfect 3ms · geminate (R2 = R3 = ל) · Both radicals appear fully in Qal perfect 3ms; no contraction · "he shone / praised" (rare in Qal) | ||||||
| 11 | הִלֵּל | |||||
| Piel · Perfect 3ms · geminate · Dagesh Forte in R2 (= R3): לּ · Tsere under R1; the geminate R3 cannot take Dagesh separately so R2 carries it · "he praised" | ||||||
| 12 | הִתְהַלֵּל | |||||
| Hithpael · Perfect 3ms · geminate · הִתְ prefix + Dagesh Forte in R2/R3 (לּ) → הִתְהַלֵּל; no metathesis (ה is not a sibilant) · "he boasted / praised himself" | ||||||
| Group 5 — Root: ענה (III-ה: to answer / afflict) | ||||||
| 13 | עָנָה | |||||
| Qal · Perfect 3ms · III-ה · R3 (ה) appears as Qamets + ה ending · "he answered" | ||||||
| 14 | עִנָּה | |||||
| Piel · Perfect 3ms · III-ה · Dagesh in R2 (נּ); R3 ends as Qamets + ה; Hireq under R1 → Piel III-ה perfect · "he afflicted" | ||||||
| 15 | הִתְעַנָּה | |||||
| Hithpael · Perfect 3ms · III-ה · הִתְ prefix + Dagesh in R2 (נּ) + Qamets + ה at end; no metathesis (ע is a guttural, not a sibilant) · "he afflicted himself / fasted" | ||||||