Qal Perfect — Geminate (Ayin-Doubled) Paradigms

Full inflection tables for geminate (II=III) roots in the Qal Perfect.

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Geminate: סָבַב (turn, surround)

Person	Form	Notes
3ms	סָבַב	Qamets-patach-patach; R2 and R3 are both ב
3fs	סָבְבָה	Shewa under R1; both ב visible
2ms	סַבֹּ֫תָ	Dagesh forte in R2 (= R3); distinctive vowel
2fs	סַבֹּת	Same pattern
1cs	סַבֹּ֫תִי
3cp	סָבְבוּ	Shewa under R1; both ב visible
2mp	סַבֹּתֶם	Dagesh forte in ב
2fp	סַבֹּתֶן
1cp	סַבֹּ֫נוּ

Key: In the 3ms/3fs/3cp, both root consonants appear (R2 and R3 are visible as a doubled letter). In suffix forms (2ms, 1cs, etc.), dagesh forte appears in the doubled consonant, and the vowel pattern shifts (often to holem or patach + dagesh).

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Geminate: תָּמַם (be complete, finish)

Person	Form	Notes
3ms	תָּמַם	Qamets-patach-patach; both מ visible
3fs	תָּמְמָה	Shewa under R1
2ms	תַּמֹּ֫תָ	Dagesh forte in second מ
2fs	תַּמֹּת
1cs	תַּמֹּ֫תִי
3cp	תָּמְמוּ	Both מ visible
2mp	תַּמֹּתֶם
1cp	תַּמֹּ֫נוּ

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Geminate vs. Biconsonantal — Comparison

Both classes show a short-looking root; both may have qamets in the 3ms. The key differences:

Feature	Geminate (סָבַב)	Biconsonantal (קָם)
3ms form	Two root consonants visible: סָבַב	One root consonant visible: קָם
3fs form	Both consonants: סָבְבָה	One consonant: קָמָה
Suffix forms	Dagesh forte in R2	Patach, no dagesh in root
Root structure	R2 = R3 (same letter repeated)	R2 = vowel letter (ו or י)

Distinguishing rule: If the final root consonant appears twice (with dagesh forte in suffix forms), it is Geminate. If there is only one final root consonant (monosyllabic 3ms, no dagesh in root), it is Biconsonantal.

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Strong Paradigm — Comparison

Person	Strong (קָטַל)	Geminate (סָבַב)	Geminate (תָּמַם)	Biconsonantal (קָם)
3ms	קָטַל	סָבַב	תָּמַם	קָם
3fs	קָטְלָה	סָבְבָה	תָּמְמָה	קָמָה
2ms	קָטַלְתָּ	סַבֹּתָ	תַּמֹּתָ	קַמְתָּ
2fs	קָטַלְתְּ	סַבֹּת	תַּמֹּת	קַמְתְּ
1cs	קָטַלְתִּי	סַבֹּתִי	תַּמֹּתִי	קַמְתִּי
3cp	קָטְלוּ	סָבְבוּ	תָּמְמוּ	קָמוּ
2mp	קְטַלְתֶּם	סַבֹּתֶם	תַּמֹּתֶם	קַמְתֶּם