Qal Imperfect — Biconsonantal (II-י/ו) Paradigms
Full inflection tables for biconsonantal (hollow) roots in the Qal Imperfect.
Distinctive: qamets under prefix consonant; long middle vowel (ו or י).
Biconsonantal: קוּם (rise, stand up) — Imperfect
| Person |
Long Form |
Short Jussive |
Wayyiqtol |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יָקוּם |
יָקׇם |
וַיָּ֫קׇם |
Long: shureq; short: qamets hatuf (reduced) |
| 3fs |
תָּקוּם |
תָּקׇם |
— |
|
| 2ms |
תָּקוּם |
תָּקׇם |
— |
|
| 2fs |
תָּקוּמִי |
— |
— |
Long vowel + -ִי suffix |
| 1cs |
אָקוּם |
— |
— |
|
| 3mp |
יָקֻ֫מוּ |
— |
— |
Qibbuts under prefix (or qamets + -וּ) |
| 3fp |
תָּקוּ֫מְנָה |
— |
— |
|
| 2mp |
תָּקוּמוּ |
— |
— |
|
| 1cp |
נָקוּם |
— |
— |
|
Key markers:
- Long Imperfect: qamets under prefix + shureq as middle vowel (יָקוּם)
- Short Jussive: qamets hatuf (ָׇ) in the root — a very short vowel
- Wayyiqtol: same as Jussive + waw-consecutive: וַיָּ֫קׇם (qamets under the doubled prefix consonant)
Biconsonantal: שׁוּב (return) — Imperfect
| Person |
Long Form |
Short Jussive |
Wayyiqtol |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יָשׁוּב |
יָשׇׁב |
וַיָּ֫שׇׁב |
|
| 3fs |
תָּשׁוּב |
— |
— |
|
| 2ms |
תָּשׁוּב |
— |
— |
|
| 2fs |
תָּשׁוּבִי |
— |
— |
|
| 1cs |
אָשׁוּב |
— |
— |
|
| 3mp |
יָשׁ֫וּבוּ |
— |
— |
|
| 1cp |
נָשׁוּב |
— |
— |
|
Biconsonantal: בּוֹא (come, go) — Imperfect
| Person |
Long Form |
Short Jussive |
Wayyiqtol |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יָבוֹא |
— |
וַיָּ֫בֹא |
III-א also; aleph quiesces |
| 3fs |
תָּבוֹא |
— |
— |
|
| 2ms |
תָּבוֹא |
— |
— |
|
| 2fs |
תָּבֹאִי |
— |
— |
|
| 1cs |
אָבוֹא |
— |
— |
|
| 3mp |
יָבֹ֫אוּ |
— |
— |
Holem + aleph + -וּ |
| 1cp |
נָבוֹא |
— |
— |
|
Biconsonantal: מוּת (die) — Imperfect
| Person |
Long Form |
Short Jussive |
Wayyiqtol |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יָמוּת |
יָמׇת |
וַיָּ֫מׇת |
|
| 3fs |
תָּמוּת |
— |
— |
|
| 2ms |
תָּמוּת |
— |
— |
|
| 1cs |
אָמוּת |
— |
— |
|
| 3mp |
יָמֻ֫תוּ |
— |
— |
|
| 1cp |
נָמוּת |
— |
— |
|
Strong Paradigm — Comparison
| Person |
Strong (יִקְטֹל) |
Bicons. (יָקוּם) |
Bicons. (יָבוֹא) |
Bicons. (יָשׁוּב) |
| 3ms |
יִקְטֹל |
יָקוּם |
יָבוֹא |
יָשׁוּב |
| 3fs |
תִּקְטֹל |
תָּקוּם |
תָּבוֹא |
תָּשׁוּב |
| 2ms |
תִּקְטֹל |
תָּקוּם |
תָּבוֹא |
תָּשׁוּב |
| 2fs |
תִּקְטְלִי |
תָּקוּמִי |
תָּבֹאִי |
תָּשׁוּבִי |
| 1cs |
אֶקְטֹל |
אָקוּם |
אָבוֹא |
אָשׁוּב |
| 3mp |
יִקְטְלוּ |
יָקֻ֫מוּ |
יָבֹ֫אוּ |
יָשׁ֫וּבוּ |
| 1cp |
נִקְטֹל |
נָקוּם |
נָבוֹא |
נָשׁוּב |
| Wayyiqtol 3ms |
וַיִּקְטֹל |
וַיָּ֫קׇם |
וַיָּ֫בֹא |
וַיָּ֫שׇׁב |