"Weak-Form Identification Drill" — Exercise¶

BBH Chapter 27 · Hiphil Weak Verbs

Instructions¶

Part A: Forms are grouped by weak class (5 per class, 8 groups = 40 items total). For each, identify: conjugation, PGN, root. Part B: Forms are mixed. Identify: weak class first, then conjugation, PGN, root.

Part A — By Class¶

Group 1: I-guttural¶

#	Form	Reference
1	הֶעֱמִיד	1 Kgs 7:21
2	וַיַּעֲמֵד	2 Chr 4:4
3	יַעֲמִיד	Psa 107:29
4	הַעֲמֵד	Num 27:19
5	מַעֲמִיד	Neh 4:7

Group 2: III-ח/ע¶

#	Form	Reference
6	הִשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 48:6
7	וַיַּשְׁלַח	Gen 3:23
8	יַשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 42:2
9	הַשְׁמַע	Deu 4:10
10	מַשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 41:26

Group 3: III-א¶

#	Form	Reference
11	הִמְצִיא	Neh 9:15
12	וַיַּמְצֵא	2 Chr 2:13
13	יַמְצִיא	Pro 8:35
14	וַיַּקְרֵא	Gen 1:5
15	מַקְרִיא	Neh 8:3

Group 4: III-ה¶

#	Form	Reference
16	הֶעֱלָה	Gen 8:20
17	וַיַּעַל	Gen 22:2
18	יַעֲלֶה	Lev 14:20
19	הַרְאֵה	Exo 33:18
20	לְהַעֲלוֹת	Exo 3:17

Group 5: I-נ¶

#	Form	Reference
21	הִפִּיל	Gen 2:21
22	וַיַּפֵּל	Gen 2:21
23	יַפִּיל	Pro 19:15
24	הַגֵּשׁ	Gen 27:25
25	מַגִּישׁ	Mal 1:7

Group 6: I-י¶

#	Form	Reference
26	הוֹצִיא	Gen 15:7
27	וַיּוֹצֵא	Gen 1:12
28	יוֹרִיד	1 Sam 2:6
29	הוֹרֵד	Gen 42:38
30	מוֹצִיא	Deu 8:14

Group 7: Biconsonantal¶

#	Form	Reference
31	הֵקִים	Gen 6:18
32	וַיָּקֶם	Gen 23:20
33	יָקִים	Deu 18:15
34	הָקֵם	Exo 40:2
35	מֵקִים	1 Sam 2:8

Group 8: Geminate (Ayin-Doubled)¶

#	Form	Reference
36	הֵסֵב	1 Kgs 21:4
37	וַיָּסֶב	Josh 6:14
38	יָסֵב	Isa 44:20
39	הָסֵב	2 Sam 2:22
40	מֵסֵב	(expected)

Part B — Mixed (identify weak class first)¶

#	Form	Reference
41	וַיַּשְׁמַע	1 Sam 15:14
42	הֵשִׂים	Gen 45:9
43	וַיַּעַל	Gen 22:2
44	הִגִּישׁ	Amos 9:13
45	הָסֵב	2 Sam 5:23
46	הֶרְאָה	Exo 25:9
47	וַיּוֹרֶד	Gen 42:38
48	מַעֲמִידִים	Neh 4:7
49	הַמְצֵא	(†)
50	וָאָקִים	Exo 6:4

Answer Key — Part A¶

#	Form	Conjugation	PGN	Root	Diagnostic
1	הֶעֱמִיד	Perfect	3ms	עָמַד	Seghol under הֶ + hateph-seghol under ע
2	וַיַּעֲמֵד	Wayyiqtol	3ms	עָמַד	Patach prefix; hateph-patach under ע
3	יַעֲמִיד	Imperfect	3ms	עָמַד	Patach prefix; composite shewa under ע; no dagesh
4	הַעֲמֵד	Imperative	2ms	עָמַד	הַ + composite shewa under ע + tsere
5	מַעֲמִיד	Participle	ms	עָמַד	מַ + composite shewa under ע + chiriq
6	הִשְׁמִיעַ	Perfect	3ms	שָׁמַע	Patach furtive before final ע in 3ms
7	וַיַּשְׁלַח	Wayyiqtol	3ms	שָׁלַח	Patach (not tsere) before final ח — guttural lowers vowel
8	יַשְׁמִיעַ	Imperfect	3ms	שָׁמַע	Patach furtive before final ע
9	הַשְׁמַע	Imperative	2ms	שָׁמַע	Patach before word-final ע (not tsere)
10	מַשְׁמִיעַ	Participle	ms	שָׁמַע	מַ prefix + patach furtive before final ע
11	הִמְצִיא	Perfect	3ms	מָצָא	Chiriq-yod + silent final א
12	וַיַּמְצֵא	Wayyiqtol	3ms	מָצָא	Tsere + silent final א
13	יַמְצִיא	Imperfect	3ms	מָצָא	Chiriq-yod + silent final א
14	וַיַּקְרֵא	Wayyiqtol	3ms	קָרָא	Tsere + silent final א
15	מַקְרִיא	Participle	ms	קָרָא	מַ + chiriq-yod + silent final א
16	הֶעֱלָה	Perfect	3ms	עָלָה	Qamets + ה ending; also seghol under הֶ (I-gutt.)
17	וַיַּעַל	Wayyiqtol	3ms	עָלָה	Apocopated — ה dropped; short patach under R2
18	יַעֲלֶה	Imperfect	3ms	עָלָה	Seghol + ה ending
19	הַרְאֵה	Imperative	2ms	רָאָה	Tsere + ה ending (ה retained in imperative)
20	לְהַעֲלוֹת	Inf. Construct	—	עָלָה	Ends in וֹת — strong III-ה Hiphil inf. construct marker
21	הִפִּיל	Perfect	3ms	נָפַל	Dagesh forte in R2 (פ) — נ has assimilated
22	וַיַּפֵּל	Wayyiqtol	3ms	נָפַל	Patach prefix + dagesh in פ + tsere
23	יַפִּיל	Imperfect	3ms	נָפַל	Patach prefix + dagesh in R2 + chiriq
24	הַגֵּשׁ	Imperative	2ms	נָגַשׁ	הַ + dagesh forte in R2 (ג) + tsere
25	מַגִּישׁ	Participle	ms	נָגַשׁ	מַ + dagesh in R2 + chiriq
26	הוֹצִיא	Perfect	3ms	יָצָא	הוֹ prefix (holem-vav) — classic I-י/ו marker
27	וַיּוֹצֵא	Wayyiqtol	3ms	יָצָא	וַיּוֹ prefix — dagesh in יּ + holem-vav
28	יוֹרִיד	Imperfect	3ms	יָרַד	יוֹ prefix (holem-vav)
29	הוֹרֵד	Imperative	2ms	יָרַד	הוֹ prefix + tsere (not הַ + tsere)
30	מוֹצִיא	Participle	ms	יָצָא	מוֹ prefix (holem-vav) — not מַ
31	הֵקִים	Perfect	3ms	קוּם	הֵ prefix (tsere) — not הִ (hiriq)
32	וַיָּקֶם	Wayyiqtol	3ms	קוּם	Qamets under prefix + apocopated seghol final
33	יָקִים	Imperfect	3ms	קוּם	Qamets under prefix (not patach)
34	הָקֵם	Imperative	2ms	קוּם	הָ prefix (qamets) + tsere
35	מֵקִים	Participle	ms	קוּם	מֵ prefix (tsere) — not מַ
36	הֵסֵב	Perfect	3ms	סָבַב	הֵ prefix (tsere) — same as Biconsonantal הֵקִים; root is ס-ב-ב (Geminate)
37	וַיָּסֶב	Wayyiqtol	3ms	סָבַב	Qamets prefix + contracted root + seghol — same pattern as Biconsonantal וַיָּקֶם
38	יָסֵב	Imperfect	3ms	סָבַב	Qamets under prefix (יָ) — same as Biconsonantal יָקִים
39	הָסֵב	Imperative	2ms	סָבַב	הָ prefix (qamets) — same as Biconsonantal הָקֵם
40	מֵסֵב	Participle	ms	סָבַב	מֵ prefix (tsere) — same as Biconsonantal מֵקִים

Answer Key — Part B¶

#	Form	Weak class	Conjugation	PGN	Root	Note
41	וַיַּשְׁמַע	III-ח/ע	Wayyiqtol	3ms	שָׁמַע	Patach before final ע (not tsere)
42	הֵשִׂים	Biconsonantal	Perfect	3ms	שִׂים	הֵ prefix (tsere); root has medial hireq-yod vowel letter
43	וַיַּעַל	III-ה	Wayyiqtol	3ms	עָלָה	Apocopated — ה dropped
44	הִגִּישׁ	I-נ	Perfect	3ms	נָגַשׁ	Dagesh in R2 (ג); root נגשׁ
45	הָסֵב	Geminate	Imperative	2ms	סָבַב	הָ prefix (qamets) — looks like Biconsonantal; root ס-ב-ב has R2=R3 (Geminate)
46	הֶרְאָה	III-ה	Perfect	3ms	רָאָה	Qamets + ה ending; seghol under הֶ
47	וַיּוֹרֶד	I-י	Wayyiqtol	3ms	יָרַד	וַיּוֹ prefix
48	מַעֲמִידִים	I-guttural	Participle	mp	עָמַד	מַ + composite shewa under ע; plural
49	הַמְצֵא	III-א	Imperative	2ms	מָצָא	Tsere + silent final א
50	וָאָקִים	Biconsonantal	Wayyiqtol	1cs	קוּם	וָאָ prefix + chiriq-yod medial; medial ו/י vowel letter = Biconsonantal

Discussion Questions¶

1. Compare הִמְצִיא (III-א perfect 3ms) and הַמְצֵא (III-א imperative 2ms). Both end with silent final א. How do you distinguish them? What is the key difference in the prefix vowel?

2. הַשְׁמַע (III-ח/ע imperative) and הַעֲמֵד (I-guttural imperative) both begin with הַ. How does the vowel under R1 differ? What does that tell you about the class?

3. וַיַּשְׁלַח (III-ח/ע wayyiqtol) and וַיַּקְרֵא (III-א wayyiqtol) both have patach under וַיַּ. The difference is in the final vowel. Explain what happens to the Hiphil tsere in each case and why.

4. Compare הוֹרֵד (I-י imperative 2ms) and הָקֵם (Biconsonantal imperative 2ms). Both have a long prefix vowel rather than the patach (הַ) of the strong Hiphil imperative. What prefix vowel does each use, and how can you tell them apart?

5. Items 36–40 (Geminate) and items 31–35 (Biconsonantal) share nearly identical vowel patterns in every conjugation: הֵ perfect, יָ/תָּ imperfect, הָ imperative, מֵ participle. What is the only reliable way to determine whether a Hiphil form belongs to the Geminate class or the Biconsonantal class? Why can the vocalization alone not always resolve this question?